Dynamic planning method and application of personalized emergency evacuation paths for urban flood

Traditional planning for emergency evacuation paths tends to overlook travel capacity of different age groups, leading to potential safety risks in planned routes. It is urgent to explore new methods for precise and efficient planning. This study proposes a planning method for personalized dynamic evacuation paths for different age groups, including children, adults, and the elderly. The method introduces blocking factors to characterize road safety, and takes safety and risk-avoidance efficiency for different age groups as the primary objectives of path planning, while also considering the constraints of road network passability and evacuation point capacity. Based on the above design, a planning model is constructed for personalized dynamic evacuation paths for different age groups, and an improved Dijkstra algorithm is adopted to solve the personalized evacuation path planning problem. The results show that the proposed model improves the safety of evacuation paths by 0.91 and 0.06, respectively, effectively enhancing the reliability of emergency evacuation paths. The model has an average response time of only 0.17 s and improves path-solving efficiency by 99.89% compared with the traditional Dijkstra algorithm. The method proposed in this study can provide safer and more efficient evacuation routes, offering theoretical and methodological support for guiding personnel to evacuate safely and for the refinement of urban flood prevention and control.