李家科, 李怀恩, 沈冰, 秦耀民, 董雯. 渭河干流典型断面非点源污染监测与负荷估算[J]. 水科学进展, 2011, 22(6): 818-828.
引用本文: 李家科, 李怀恩, 沈冰, 秦耀民, 董雯. 渭河干流典型断面非点源污染监测与负荷估算[J]. 水科学进展, 2011, 22(6): 818-828.
LI Jia-ke, LI Huai-en, SHEN Bing, QIN Yao-min, DONG Wen. Monitoring and estimating non-point source pollution on typical sections along the Weihe River[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2011, 22(6): 818-828.
Citation: LI Jia-ke, LI Huai-en, SHEN Bing, QIN Yao-min, DONG Wen. Monitoring and estimating non-point source pollution on typical sections along the Weihe River[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2011, 22(6): 818-828.

渭河干流典型断面非点源污染监测与负荷估算

Monitoring and estimating non-point source pollution on typical sections along the Weihe River

  • 摘要: 渭河水质在较大程度上受非点源污染的影响,因此,有必要对其负荷和比重进行研究。2009年至2010年,对渭河干流关中段咸阳和临潼断面进行了洪水期和非洪水期水质水量同步监测。根据监测结果及水文站实测流量资料,分别采用改进的水文分割法和平均浓度法对两断面的非点源污染负荷进行了计算,分析了非点源污染的特点。结果表明:渭河干流关中段主要污染物为COD、NH3-N和TN,两断面洪水期间各指标的平均浓度基本都小于平时的平均浓度;各指标非洪水期浓度变化总体上小于洪水期浓度变化幅度,量级较大的洪水水质变化幅度相对较小;改进的水文分割法和已被检验并被广泛采用的平均浓度法计算结果符合良好。2009年(枯水年,P=68%)渭河咸阳和临潼站各指标非点源污染所占比例基本在20%~30%左右;2009年渭河干流咸阳-临潼河段污染以点源污染为主,构成比例在80%以上。对比2006年(枯水年,P=69%),2009年临潼站COD、NH3-N和TN年点源负荷分别减少11937t、791t和29t,渭河点源治理取得一定成效;此外,临潼站这两年的污染构成比例基本相同。非点源污染在渭河水污染中占较大比重,其对渭河水质的影响不容忽视。

     

    Abstract: The water quality of the Weiher River is heavily affected by non-point source pollution (NSP).It is there-fore necessary to quantify NSP loading.We monitored both water flow and water quality at two cross-sections along the Guanzhong river reach near the cities of Xianyang and Lintong for two flooding and non-flooding seasons of 2009 and 2010.The measured parameters include chemical oxygen demand (COD),dissolved orthophosphate,total phosphor-us (TP),TP,NH3-N,NO2-N,NO3-N and total nitrogen (TN).NSP loadings are calculated using the modified hydrological division method and the mean concentration method.The latter is proven to be a well-established and widely-used method.The results show that COD,NH3-N and TN constitute the majority of pollutants in the Guanzhong reach.Their mean concentrations are lower but more variable during flooding seasons compared to that of non-flooding seasons.The concentration is inversely proportional to the scale of the floods in the reach.The NSP sim-ulations using the two methods agree well each other,indicating the applicability of the hydrological division method when data is scarce.The two simulations reveal that NSP accounts for about 20% to 30% of the total pollutant loading at the two cross-sections in 2009 (a dry year with P=68%).Thus,point source pollution (pollutants discharged from the cities of Xianyang and Lintong)is the main contributor to the water pollution problem in the Guanzhong river reach,as it contributes more than 80% of the total loading.However,compared to 2006 other dry year with P=69%,the point source loadings of COD,NH3-N and TN are actually reduced by 11 937 t,791 t,and 29 t in 2009. This shows the effectiveness in controlling point source of pollution in the Weiher River.In addition,the overall com-position of pollution remains almost unchanged in 2006 and 2009,and NSP gives a substantial contribution to water pollution,which cannot be ignored.

     

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