“西南河流源区径流变化和适应性利用”重大研究计划进展综述

Reviews of the major research plan "runoff change and its adaptive management in the source region of major rivers in Southwestern China"

  • 摘要: 西南河流源区是中国的水资源战略储备区,但其未来水资源演变趋势不明,为厘清气候变化下的径流变化规律以开展适应性利用,国家自然科学基金委于2015年启动了“西南河流源区径流变化和适应性利用”重大研究计划,本文对重大研究计划的总体情况和主要进展进行综述。重大研究计划实施以来取得了一系列研究成果:构建了西南河流源区天空地一体化监测体系,有效提升了西南河流源区的监测能力;创新了高原寒区径流水源组成的多元综合解析方法,揭示了高原寒区典型径流水源的形成机理及气候驱动下流域下垫面与水文系统的协同变化机理;创建了综合冰雪冻土寒区水文过程和示踪过程的分布式同位素水文模型,揭示了雅鲁藏布江径流变化的历史规律和未来趋势;提出了河流全物质通量概念,开展了大量取样检测,揭示了高原河流生源物质循环及生物响应规律,量化了澜沧江梯级水库运行的环境累积效应;发展了多目标互馈系统理论,从水量、水能、水质3个方面创新了梯级水库适应性利用技术,为西南水电消纳、澜沧江-湄公河水资源合作等国家重大需求提供了支撑。

     

    Abstract: The source region of major rivers in Southwestern China (MRSC), featured by prevalence of glacier, snow, and frost, serve as the strategic reserves of water resources for the people in the region and downstream. Its hydrological and biogeochemical processes have been subject to rapid change driven by warming climate. However, its driving mechanism and future trend remain unclear especially when compounded by human activities. To gain a better understanding of the hydrological and biogeochemical change in this region to facilitate sustainable management, the National Natural Science Foundation of China launched the major research plan "runoff change and its adaptive management in the source region of major rivers in Southwestern China" in 2015. Since the implementation of the Major Research Plan, substantial progresses have been achieved : an integrated monitoring system was established based on innovative ground based and remote sensing technologies, which significantly improved the monitoring capability in this region; the runoff generation mechanisms and the co-evolution of water-vegetation-soil system on the plateau were investigated; an isotope-aided hydrological model coupling snow, glacier and frost processes was established; the historical change and future pattern of runoff of the major rivers were explored; an all-material-flux theory for river ecosystem study was proposed, and an integrated monitoring and detecting approach was established for all-material-flux study. The biogeochemical cycle of the source region and the cumulative effect of the cascade reservoirs on this cycle were quantified; a water-food-energy-ecosystem nexus approach was developed with the aim to better operate hydropower plants in a sustainable and cooperative manner. This article reviews the above main progress and achievements of the major research plan.

     

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