王全九, 邓铭江, 宁松瑞, 孙燕. 农田水盐调控现实与面临问题[J]. 水科学进展, 2021, 32(1): 139-147. DOI: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2021.01.014
引用本文: 王全九, 邓铭江, 宁松瑞, 孙燕. 农田水盐调控现实与面临问题[J]. 水科学进展, 2021, 32(1): 139-147. DOI: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2021.01.014
WANG Quanjiu, DENG Mingjiang, NING Songrui, SUN Yan. Reality and problems of controlling soil water and salt in farmland[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2021, 32(1): 139-147. DOI: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2021.01.014
Citation: WANG Quanjiu, DENG Mingjiang, NING Songrui, SUN Yan. Reality and problems of controlling soil water and salt in farmland[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2021, 32(1): 139-147. DOI: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2021.01.014

农田水盐调控现实与面临问题

Reality and problems of controlling soil water and salt in farmland

  • 摘要: 农田土壤盐碱化是农业可持续发展的主要威胁之一,为创建适应现代生态农业发展的农田水盐调控方法,在总结农田盐分来源及其累积动力特征的基础上,从土壤盐分影响土壤供养能力和作物生产能力两大方面,分析土壤盐分对土壤-作物系统功能的影响途径,明确农田水盐高效调控方向。根据不同时代的治盐理念,将水盐调控发展历程分成4个阶段,以抑制盐碱胁迫对土壤和作物的危害为切入点,解析水利措施、化学措施、生物措施和农艺措施的作用特点和调控目标及适用范围。根据现代农业绿色发展与提质增效需求,凝练盐碱胁迫农田控害增效水盐调控理念,提出水盐调控策略,即调控根际水盐传输动力特征,重构农田水盐分布空间格局,提升农业改土促生措施功效;指出农田控害增效水盐调控急需解决的关键技术,总结了创新水盐调控理论有待深入研究的基础科学问题,以期为盐碱胁迫农田绿色、高效和可持续利用提供指导。

     

    Abstract: Soil salinization in farmland is one of the main problems that threaten the sustainable development of agriculture. In order to develop a method for controlling soil water and salt in farmland and adapt to the needs of modern ecological agriculture, the source of salt and its cumulative dynamic characteristics in farmland were analyzed in this study. The effects of soil salt on the nutrient supply capacity of soils and the crop production capacity were analyzed to demonstrate the associated regulatory directions in the soil-crop system. According to the ideas for controlling soil water and salt at different times, the processes for regulating soil water and salt in farmland were divided into four stages, where the mechanism and control objectives in terms of water conservation measures, chemical measures, biological measures and agronomic measures were analyzed to assess the control of salt-alkali damage to soil and crops. According to the requirements for modern agricultural development, the ideas for controlling soil water and salt in farmland were developed by regulating the dynamic characteristics of soil water and salt transport, reconstructing the spatial distribution of soil water and salt and enhancing the effectiveness of crop growth adjustment measures. This study also identified the key technical issues that need to be addressed urgently to allow the green regulation of soil water and salt in farmland, and the basic scientific problems that need to be investigated in order to develop a theory of soil water and salt regulation, thereby providing guidance to facilitate the production of efficient and sustainable agroecosystems under saline-alkali stress.

     

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