袁晶, 许全喜. 金沙江流域水库拦沙效应[J]. 水科学进展, 2018, 29(4): 482-491. DOI: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2018.04.004
引用本文: 袁晶, 许全喜. 金沙江流域水库拦沙效应[J]. 水科学进展, 2018, 29(4): 482-491. DOI: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2018.04.004
YUAN Jing, XU Quanxi. Sediment trapping effect by reservoirs in the Jinsha River basin[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2018, 29(4): 482-491. DOI: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2018.04.004
Citation: YUAN Jing, XU Quanxi. Sediment trapping effect by reservoirs in the Jinsha River basin[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2018, 29(4): 482-491. DOI: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2018.04.004

金沙江流域水库拦沙效应

Sediment trapping effect by reservoirs in the Jinsha River basin

  • 摘要: 水库拦沙是金沙江下游沙量减小的主要原因,对三峡水库的入库水沙条件产生了重要影响。为了系统掌握金沙江流域水库拦沙情况,基于1956年以来流域内水库及实测水沙资料,采用经验公式、典型调查以及输沙平衡原理相结合的方法,对近60年不同阶段金沙江中下游的水库拦沙情况以及水库建设对金沙江流域减沙贡献权重进行了定量研究。结果表明:1956-1990年、1991-2005年和2006-2015年水库拦沙对屏山站的减沙权重分别为0.3%、48%和83%,可见水库拦沙作用逐步增强;1956-2015年,金沙江流域水库年均拦沙0.310亿t,其中大型水库拦沙量占总拦沙量的89%,尤其是2011年以来,随着金沙江中下游以及雅砻江梯级水库群的陆续建成,流域内水库群年均拦沙量达1.92亿t,对屏山站同期年均输沙量的减少权重在90%以上。

     

    Abstract: The main reason for the decrease of sediment transport in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River is reservoir trapping, which has a great influence on the condition of the inflow and sediment of the Three Gorges Reservoir. To develop a complete understanding of the situation of reservoir trapping in the Jinsha River basin, based on the reservoir construction and the hydrology and sediment data collected in the basin since 1956, with the method of empirical formulas and by using typical investigations and the principle of sediment transport balance, the sediment storage capacity in the middle and lower reaches of the Jinsha River in the recent 60 years and the contribution weight of reservoir trapping to sediment reduction in the Jinsha River basin were studied quantitatively. The results indicated that the contribution weight of reservoir trapping to the sediment reduction at Pingshan station from 1956 to 1990, 1991 to 2005, and 2006 to 2015 was 0.3%, 48%, and 83%, respectively. It is apparent that the effect of reservoir trapping increased gradually. From 1956 to 2015, the annual sediment trapping in the reservoirs of the Jinsha River basin was 0.310×108 tons, and 89% of this sediment was silted in the large reservoir. Especially, from 2011, with the completion of the reservoirs in the middle and lower reaches of the Jinsha River and the Yalong River, the annual reservoir trapping in the Jinsha River basin increased to 1.92×108 tons, the contribution weight to the annual sediment reduction at Pingshan station was more than 90%.

     

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