对坡面径流挟沙力研究的几点认识

张光辉

doi:10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2018.02.001

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对坡面径流挟沙力研究的几点认识

张光辉

文章导航 > 水科学进展 > 2018 > 29(2): 151-158

张光辉. 对坡面径流挟沙力研究的几点认识[J]. 水科学进展, 2018, 29(2): 151-158. doi: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2018.02.001

引用本文:

张光辉. 对坡面径流挟沙力研究的几点认识[J]. 水科学进展, 2018, 29(2): 151-158. doi: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2018.02.001

ZHANG Guanghui. Several understandings for sediment transport capacity by overland flow[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2018, 29(2): 151-158. doi: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2018.02.001

Citation:

ZHANG Guanghui. Several understandings for sediment transport capacity by overland flow[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2018, 29(2): 151-158. doi: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2018.02.001

对坡面径流挟沙力研究的几点认识

doi: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2018.02.001

张光辉^1,2

1.
北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100875;
2.
北京师范大学地理科学学部, 北京 100875

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划资助项目（2017YFC0504702）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（41530858）

详细信息

作者简介:
张光辉(1969-),男,甘肃静宁人,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持方面研究。E-mail:ghzhang@bnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: S157.1

Several understandings for sediment transport capacity by overland flow

ZHANG Guanghui^1,2

1.
State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
2.
Faculty of Geographic Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

摘要: 坡面径流挟沙力是土壤侵蚀过程模型的核心输入参数。在系统界定坡面径流挟沙力概念的基础上，深入分析了坡面径流水动力学特性和泥沙特性对坡面径流挟沙力的影响及其机制，受降雨、地形、土壤、植被、土地利用、结皮形成、细沟发育和砾石出露等多种因素时空变异的综合影响，坡面径流挟沙力具有强烈的时空变化特征，导致坡面径流挟沙力的测定较为困难。将确定挟沙力常用的方法划分为河流挟沙力方程修正法、推理法、模型模拟法和测量法，比较分析了不同方法的优缺点。未来的研究应该重点关注挟沙力测定方法与技术、坡面径流输沙过程的动力机制、典型土壤的挟沙力、挟沙力方程构建与验证及变化条件下坡面径流挟沙力等方面。
- 土壤侵蚀 /
- 坡面径流 /
- 泥沙输移 /
- 影响因素 /
- 确定方法
Abstract: Sediment transport capacity of overland flow, which is the maximum equilibrium sediment load that a flow can transport, is a key concept for developing process-based soil erosion models because it plays a pivotal role to determine soil detachment rate and sediment transport. Few studies have been conducted to investigate the mechanism of sediment transport capacity by overland flow on steep slopes. In this paper, based on the systematic definition of sediment transport capacity of overland flow, the influences and their mechanisms of hydraulic properties of overland flow and sediment characteristics on sediment transport capacity were deeply analyzed. Sediment transport capacity of overland flow has great spatial and temporal variations due to the comprehensive effects of precipitation, topography, soil, vegetation, land use, sealing formation, rill development, and gravel covering. Therefore, it is very difficult to measure sediment transport capacity of overland flow directly in field conditions. The commonly used methods to determine sediment transport capacity of overland flow can be categorized into the modification from river sediment transport capacity formula, the rational method, the model simulation, and the direct measurement. The advantages and disadvantages of each method were compared and analyzed. Further studies should be focus on the measuring methodology and techniques for sediment transport capacity of overland flow, the hydro-dynamic mechanism of sediment transport process, sediment transport capacities of typical soil types, transport capacity formula development and performance evaluation, and sediment transport capacity of overland flow under changeable conditions. It is helpful to summarize the conclusions of different studies, promote the research on sediment transport capacity of overland flow, and improve the prediction precision of the process-based soil erosion models for better service to water and soil conservation planning and design.
- soil erosion /
- overland flow /
- sediment transport /
- influencing factors /
- determining methods

[1]	申红彬, 吴保生. 冲积河流泥沙输移幂律函数指数变化规律 . 水科学进展, 2018, 29(2): 179-185. doi: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2018.02.004
[2]	张攀, 唐洪武, 姚文艺, 孙维营. 细沟形态演变对坡面水沙过程的影响 . 水科学进展, 2016, 27(4): 535-541. doi: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2016.04.007
[3]	肖培青, 姚文艺, 王国庆, 杨春霞, 申震洲. 植被作用下土壤抗剪强度和径流侵蚀力的耦合效应 . 水科学进展, 2016, 27(2): 224-230. doi: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2016.02.007
[4]	张攀, 姚文艺, 唐洪武, 肖培青. 模拟降雨条件下坡面细沟形态演变与量化方法 . 水科学进展, 2015, 26(1): 51-58. doi: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2015.01.007
[5]	程永舟, 潘昀, 蒋昌波, 李青峰. 破碎波作用下沙质海床床面形态变化试验 . 水科学进展, 2014, 25(2): 253-259.
[6]	刘窑军, 王天巍, 蔡崇法, 李朝霞. 植被措施与路面汇水对三峡库区土质道路边坡侵蚀影响 . 水科学进展, 2014, 25(1): 98-105.
[7]	和继军, 宫辉力, 李小娟, 蔡强国. 细沟形成对坡面产流产沙过程的影响 . 水科学进展, 2014, 25(1): 90-97.
[8]	余明辉, 申康, 吴松柏, 魏红艳. 水力冲刷过程中塌岸淤床交互影响试验 . 水科学进展, 2013, 24(5): 675-682.
[9]	涂新军, 陈晓宏, 张强, 李宁. 东江径流年内分配特征及影响因素贡献分解 . 水科学进展, 2012, 23(4): 493-501. doi: CNKI:32.1309.P.20120614.2158.007
[10]	肖培青, 姚文艺, 申震洲, 杨春霞. 植被影响下坡面侵蚀临界水流能量试验研究 . 水科学进展, 2011, 22(2): 229-234.
[11]	于国强, 李占斌, 李鹏, 张霞, 陈磊, 贾莲莲. 不同植被类型的坡面径流侵蚀产沙试验研究 . 水科学进展, 2010, 21(5): 593-599.
[12]	肖培青, 郑粉莉, 姚文艺. 坡沟系统坡面径流流态及水力学参数特征研究 . 水科学进展, 2009, 20(2): 236-240.
[13]	徐东霞, 章光新, 尹雄锐. 近50年嫩江流域径流变化及影响因素分析 . 水科学进展, 2009, 20(3): 416-421.
[14]	常静, 刘敏, 李先华, 余婕, 林啸, 王丽丽, 高磊. 城市路面径流重金属固液分配系数及其影响因素 . 水科学进展, 2009, 20(5): 714-720.
[15]	金鑫, 郝振纯, 张金良, 王加虎. 考虑重力侵蚀影响的分布式土壤侵蚀模型 . 水科学进展, 2008, 19(2): 257-263.
[16]	张玉斌, 郑粉莉, 武敏. 土壤侵蚀引起的农业非点源污染研究进展 . 水科学进展, 2007, 18(1): 123-132.
[17]	张光辉. 土壤侵蚀模型研究现状与展望 . 水科学进展, 2002, 13(3): 389-396.
[18]	许炯心. 黄河下游洪水的泥沙输移特征 . 水科学进展, 2002, 13(5): 562-568.
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[20]	石辉, 刘普灵, 田均良. 土壤侵蚀的中子活化示踪法研究 . 水科学进展, 2000, 11(2): 126-132.

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对坡面径流挟沙力研究的几点认识

doi: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2018.02.001

张光辉^1,2

1. 北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100875;

2. 北京师范大学地理科学学部, 北京 100875

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划资助项目（2017YFC0504702）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（41530858）

作者简介:
张光辉(1969-),男,甘肃静宁人,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持方面研究。E-mail:ghzhang@bnu.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2017-10-09
刊出日期: 2018-03-25

中图分类号: S157.1

关键词:

摘要: 坡面径流挟沙力是土壤侵蚀过程模型的核心输入参数。在系统界定坡面径流挟沙力概念的基础上，深入分析了坡面径流水动力学特性和泥沙特性对坡面径流挟沙力的影响及其机制，受降雨、地形、土壤、植被、土地利用、结皮形成、细沟发育和砾石出露等多种因素时空变异的综合影响，坡面径流挟沙力具有强烈的时空变化特征，导致坡面径流挟沙力的测定较为困难。将确定挟沙力常用的方法划分为河流挟沙力方程修正法、推理法、模型模拟法和测量法，比较分析了不同方法的优缺点。未来的研究应该重点关注挟沙力测定方法与技术、坡面径流输沙过程的动力机制、典型土壤的挟沙力、挟沙力方程构建与验证及变化条件下坡面径流挟沙力等方面。

English Abstract

Several understandings for sediment transport capacity by overland flow

ZHANG Guanghui^1,2

1. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;

2. Faculty of Geographic Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Received Date: 2017-10-09
Publish Date: 2018-03-25

Keywords:

Abstract: Sediment transport capacity of overland flow, which is the maximum equilibrium sediment load that a flow can transport, is a key concept for developing process-based soil erosion models because it plays a pivotal role to determine soil detachment rate and sediment transport. Few studies have been conducted to investigate the mechanism of sediment transport capacity by overland flow on steep slopes. In this paper, based on the systematic definition of sediment transport capacity of overland flow, the influences and their mechanisms of hydraulic properties of overland flow and sediment characteristics on sediment transport capacity were deeply analyzed. Sediment transport capacity of overland flow has great spatial and temporal variations due to the comprehensive effects of precipitation, topography, soil, vegetation, land use, sealing formation, rill development, and gravel covering. Therefore, it is very difficult to measure sediment transport capacity of overland flow directly in field conditions. The commonly used methods to determine sediment transport capacity of overland flow can be categorized into the modification from river sediment transport capacity formula, the rational method, the model simulation, and the direct measurement. The advantages and disadvantages of each method were compared and analyzed. Further studies should be focus on the measuring methodology and techniques for sediment transport capacity of overland flow, the hydro-dynamic mechanism of sediment transport process, sediment transport capacities of typical soil types, transport capacity formula development and performance evaluation, and sediment transport capacity of overland flow under changeable conditions. It is helpful to summarize the conclusions of different studies, promote the research on sediment transport capacity of overland flow, and improve the prediction precision of the process-based soil erosion models for better service to water and soil conservation planning and design.

张光辉. 对坡面径流挟沙力研究的几点认识[J]. 水科学进展, 2018, 29(2): 151-158. doi: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2018.02.001

引用本文:

张光辉. 对坡面径流挟沙力研究的几点认识[J]. 水科学进展, 2018, 29(2): 151-158. doi: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2018.02.001

ZHANG Guanghui. Several understandings for sediment transport capacity by overland flow[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2018, 29(2): 151-158. doi: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2018.02.001

Citation:

ZHANG Guanghui. Several understandings for sediment transport capacity by overland flow[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2018, 29(2): 151-158. doi: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2018.02.001

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对坡面径流挟沙力研究的几点认识

doi: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2018.02.001

作者简介: 张光辉(1969-),男,甘肃静宁人,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持方面研究。E-mail:ghzhang@bnu.edu.cn

Several understandings for sediment transport capacity by overland flow

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出版历程

对坡面径流挟沙力研究的几点认识

doi: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2018.02.001

1. 北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100875; 2. 北京师范大学地理科学学部, 北京 100875

作者简介: 张光辉(1969-),男,甘肃静宁人,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持方面研究。E-mail:ghzhang@bnu.edu.cn

English Abstract

Several understandings for sediment transport capacity by overland flow

1. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; 2. Faculty of Geographic Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

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作者简介:
张光辉(1969-),男,甘肃静宁人,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持方面研究。E-mail:ghzhang@bnu.edu.cn

1. 北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100875;

2. 北京师范大学地理科学学部, 北京 100875

作者简介:
张光辉(1969-),男,甘肃静宁人,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持方面研究。E-mail:ghzhang@bnu.edu.cn

1. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;

2. Faculty of Geographic Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China