植被作用下土壤抗剪强度和径流侵蚀力的耦合效应

肖培青; 姚文艺; 王国庆; 杨春霞; 申震洲

doi:10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2016.02.007

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植被作用下土壤抗剪强度和径流侵蚀力的耦合效应

肖培青, 姚文艺, 王国庆, 杨春霞, 申震洲

文章导航 > 水科学进展 > 2016 > 27(2): 224-230

肖培青, 姚文艺, 王国庆, 杨春霞, 申震洲. 植被作用下土壤抗剪强度和径流侵蚀力的耦合效应[J]. 水科学进展, 2016, 27(2): 224-230. doi: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2016.02.007

引用本文:

XIAO Peiqing, YAO Wenyi, WANG Guoqing, YANG Chunxia, SHEN Zhenzhou. Effects of soil shear strength and runoff erosivity on slopes with different vegetation cover[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2016, 27(2): 224-230. doi: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2016.02.007

Citation:

XIAO Peiqing, YAO Wenyi, WANG Guoqing, YANG Chunxia, SHEN Zhenzhou. Effects of soil shear strength and runoff erosivity on slopes with different vegetation cover[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2016, 27(2): 224-230. doi: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2016.02.007

植被作用下土壤抗剪强度和径流侵蚀力的耦合效应

doi: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2016.02.007

1.
黄河水利科学研究院水利部黄土高原水土流失过程与控制重点实验室, 河南郑州 450003;
2.
南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室, 江苏南京 210029

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(41571276);河南省创新型科技人才队伍建设工程(162101510004)

详细信息

作者简介:
肖培青(1972-),女,河南卫辉人,教授级高级工程师,博士,主要从事土壤侵蚀过程模拟研究。E-mail:peiqingxiao@163.com

中图分类号: S157.1

Effects of soil shear strength and runoff erosivity on slopes with different vegetation cover

1.
Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Loss Process and Control on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Water Resources, Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou 450003, China;
2.
State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China

摘要: 利用野外径流小区动态监测和人工模拟降雨试验,阐明了草被和灌木的减流减沙效应,从力学层面揭示了坡面侵蚀产沙的过程机理。结果表明,与裸地相比,野外坡面草地和灌木地径流量分别减少28.1%~56.5%和85.7%~100%、产沙量分别减少84.9%~90.7%和98.5%~100%;在人工模拟降雨强度下,草地和灌木地径流量分别减少51.9%~90.9%和61.7%~80.6%、产沙量分别减少93.6%~99.2%和95.5%~99.2%;植被具有明显的增强土壤抗剪强度的作用,不同植被坡面抗剪强度与剪切面上的法向压力成正比,且符合库仑定律;不同下垫面条件下土壤黏聚力与坡面径流量和侵蚀产沙量呈显著的负相关关系,随着黏聚力的增大,径流量和侵蚀产沙量呈下降趋势;草地和灌木地坡面侵蚀临界径流切应力分别为裸地的2.64~3.16倍和2.44~3.18倍,建立了不同被覆坡面临界径流切应力与土壤抗剪强度和黏聚力的关系。研究结果对定量评价植被减蚀作用和深化土壤侵蚀力学过程有一定的参考意义。
- 土壤侵蚀 /
- 抗剪强度 /
- 黏聚力 /
- 径流切应力 /
- 草被 /
- 灌木
Abstract: The combined effects of soil shear strength and runoff erosivity is important to quantitatively express the relationship between soil erosion resistance ability, runoff detachment, and transport capacity. We used field data and simulated rainfall experiments to study the effects of grass and shrub cover on runoff and sediment yield and its mechanical mechanism. Based on standard field plots data, runoff reduction on grass and shrub plots decreased by 28.1%-56.5% and 85.7%-100%, respectively, and sediment reduction on grass and shrub slopes decreased by 84.9%-90.7% and 98.5%-100%, respectively, compared with the bare plot. Under simulated rainfall intensities of 45, 87 mm/h and 127 mm/h on a 20° slope gradient, runoff reduction on grass and shrub slopes decreased by 51.9%-90.9% and 61.7%-80.6%, respectively, and sediment reduction on grass and shrub slopes decreased by 93.6%-99.2% and 95.5%-99.2%, respectively, compared with the bare slope. Vegetation can enhance soil shear strength. Soil shear strength was proportional to the vertical pressure on the shear surface, and it was consistent with Coulomb's law of shear strength. Soil cohesive force was negatively correlated with runoff as well as sediment yield. Runoff and sediment yield decreased with the increase in soil cohesive force. Sediment yield increased with the increase of flow shear stress, and there was a significant linear relationship between the two. The critical flow shear stresses of the grass slope and the shrub slope, respectively, were 2.64-3.16 times and 2.44-3.18 times that of the bare slope. The sediment transportation rate had a linear relationship with the flow shear stress. The critical flow shear stress and soil shear strength and the critical flow shear stress and soil cohesive force were significantly correlated. These relationships illustrate the mechanical effects of the soil erosion process. The results are useful for quantifying runoff and sediment reduction and understanding the mechanical process of soil erosion.
- soil erosion /
- soil shear strength /
- soil cohesive force /
- flow shear stress /
- grass /
- shrub

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植被作用下土壤抗剪强度和径流侵蚀力的耦合效应

doi: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2016.02.007

1. 黄河水利科学研究院水利部黄土高原水土流失过程与控制重点实验室, 河南郑州 450003;

2. 南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室, 江苏南京 210029

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(41571276);河南省创新型科技人才队伍建设工程(162101510004)

作者简介:
肖培青(1972-),女,河南卫辉人,教授级高级工程师,博士,主要从事土壤侵蚀过程模拟研究。E-mail:peiqingxiao@163.com

收稿日期: 2015-10-15
刊出日期: 2016-03-25

中图分类号: S157.1

关键词:

黏聚力 /

草被 /

摘要: 利用野外径流小区动态监测和人工模拟降雨试验,阐明了草被和灌木的减流减沙效应,从力学层面揭示了坡面侵蚀产沙的过程机理。结果表明,与裸地相比,野外坡面草地和灌木地径流量分别减少28.1%~56.5%和85.7%~100%、产沙量分别减少84.9%~90.7%和98.5%~100%;在人工模拟降雨强度下,草地和灌木地径流量分别减少51.9%~90.9%和61.7%~80.6%、产沙量分别减少93.6%~99.2%和95.5%~99.2%;植被具有明显的增强土壤抗剪强度的作用,不同植被坡面抗剪强度与剪切面上的法向压力成正比,且符合库仑定律;不同下垫面条件下土壤黏聚力与坡面径流量和侵蚀产沙量呈显著的负相关关系,随着黏聚力的增大,径流量和侵蚀产沙量呈下降趋势;草地和灌木地坡面侵蚀临界径流切应力分别为裸地的2.64~3.16倍和2.44~3.18倍,建立了不同被覆坡面临界径流切应力与土壤抗剪强度和黏聚力的关系。研究结果对定量评价植被减蚀作用和深化土壤侵蚀力学过程有一定的参考意义。

English Abstract

Effects of soil shear strength and runoff erosivity on slopes with different vegetation cover

1. Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Loss Process and Control on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Water Resources, Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou 450003, China;

2. State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China

Received Date: 2015-10-15
Publish Date: 2016-03-25

Keywords:

Abstract: The combined effects of soil shear strength and runoff erosivity is important to quantitatively express the relationship between soil erosion resistance ability, runoff detachment, and transport capacity. We used field data and simulated rainfall experiments to study the effects of grass and shrub cover on runoff and sediment yield and its mechanical mechanism. Based on standard field plots data, runoff reduction on grass and shrub plots decreased by 28.1%-56.5% and 85.7%-100%, respectively, and sediment reduction on grass and shrub slopes decreased by 84.9%-90.7% and 98.5%-100%, respectively, compared with the bare plot. Under simulated rainfall intensities of 45, 87 mm/h and 127 mm/h on a 20° slope gradient, runoff reduction on grass and shrub slopes decreased by 51.9%-90.9% and 61.7%-80.6%, respectively, and sediment reduction on grass and shrub slopes decreased by 93.6%-99.2% and 95.5%-99.2%, respectively, compared with the bare slope. Vegetation can enhance soil shear strength. Soil shear strength was proportional to the vertical pressure on the shear surface, and it was consistent with Coulomb's law of shear strength. Soil cohesive force was negatively correlated with runoff as well as sediment yield. Runoff and sediment yield decreased with the increase in soil cohesive force. Sediment yield increased with the increase of flow shear stress, and there was a significant linear relationship between the two. The critical flow shear stresses of the grass slope and the shrub slope, respectively, were 2.64-3.16 times and 2.44-3.18 times that of the bare slope. The sediment transportation rate had a linear relationship with the flow shear stress. The critical flow shear stress and soil shear strength and the critical flow shear stress and soil cohesive force were significantly correlated. These relationships illustrate the mechanical effects of the soil erosion process. The results are useful for quantifying runoff and sediment reduction and understanding the mechanical process of soil erosion.

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植被作用下土壤抗剪强度和径流侵蚀力的耦合效应

doi: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2016.02.007

作者简介: 肖培青(1972-),女,河南卫辉人,教授级高级工程师,博士,主要从事土壤侵蚀过程模拟研究。E-mail:peiqingxiao@163.com

Effects of soil shear strength and runoff erosivity on slopes with different vegetation cover

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出版历程

植被作用下土壤抗剪强度和径流侵蚀力的耦合效应

doi: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2016.02.007

1. 黄河水利科学研究院水利部黄土高原水土流失过程与控制重点实验室, 河南郑州 450003; 2. 南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室, 江苏南京 210029

作者简介: 肖培青(1972-),女,河南卫辉人,教授级高级工程师,博士,主要从事土壤侵蚀过程模拟研究。E-mail:peiqingxiao@163.com

English Abstract

Effects of soil shear strength and runoff erosivity on slopes with different vegetation cover

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作者简介:
肖培青(1972-),女,河南卫辉人,教授级高级工程师,博士,主要从事土壤侵蚀过程模拟研究。E-mail:peiqingxiao@163.com

1. 黄河水利科学研究院水利部黄土高原水土流失过程与控制重点实验室, 河南郑州 450003;

2. 南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室, 江苏南京 210029

作者简介:
肖培青(1972-),女,河南卫辉人,教授级高级工程师,博士,主要从事土壤侵蚀过程模拟研究。E-mail:peiqingxiao@163.com