摘要:
天山北麓平原区,每年冻结过程的时间远大于融化过程。在昌吉地下水均衡试验场,选择该平原的3种代表性土壤(粉质轻粘土、细砂、砂砾石),利用地中渗透仪观测冻结冻融期的地下水补给与损耗。根据不同岩性的地下水蒸发极限深度,设计了不同的地下水埋深。在冻结期,砂砾石、细砂岩性分布地区有利于浅埋型地下水资源的保护。在冻融期,无论何种地下水埋深水平,3种岩性的地下水都获得冻融水的补给,但细颗粒岩性的补给量相对较少且存在滞后效应,相反,粗颗粒岩性更有利于地下水资源的形成。冻结期一个月的地下水最大损耗量不超过253mm(砂砾石),而冻融期一个月的地下水最大补给量高达1133mm(细砂),冻融期是年内地下水的重要补给时期。
Abstract:
In the plain located in the north slope of Tianshan Mountain, early November is the beginning of the freezing period, while early March next year is the beginning of the thaw period.And the freezing period is much longer than the thaw period.In the experimentation station of the groundwater balance, located in Changji County, three kinds of soil (stony sand, fine sand and clay), which are local typical soil in the inland basins, are chosen to observe the recharge and the loss of groundwater in freezing-thaw period.According to the critical depths of groundwater loss, several kinds of groundwater table are designed for all kinds of soil.In the freezing period, where the stony sand and sand are distributed, the protection of groundwater resources is favorable In the thaw period, no matter what depth of groundwater table, the recharge occurrs for all of the three, but the recharge of the fine grained soil is relatively less and shows the delaying effect.Contrarily, the coarse grained soil is more favorable for the formation of groundwater resources.The largest loss of groundwater is not beyond 25.3 mm in one month during the freezing period(for example, stony sand), and the largest recharge is more than 113.3 mm in the same time during the thaw period(for example, fine grained sand), so the thaw period is the important period of groundwater recharge each year.
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