Experimental study on ecological water use in a gully catchment of the loess plateau: effects of climate and land use change
-
摘要: 为探讨黄土高原地区的生态恢复,以半干旱黄土丘陵区安家沟小流域的气象、土壤水分、地形图和土地利用图(1982年和2002年)为源信息,分析了不同植被类型的蒸散量和生态用水量、流域生态用水量及其与气候和土地利用变化的关系。研究结果表明:(1)流域土地利用结构从1982-2002年间变化较大,农地(特别是梯田)增加较快,乔木林地急剧减少,主要表现为毁林、开荒和造田;(2)研究区内各种植被/土地利用类型的蒸散量和生态用水都极大地受控于气候(特别是降雨量)的影响,其年际差异较大;(3)不同植被/土地利用类型间的蒸散量和生态用水差异明显,在各个年份乔灌林的生态用水量均大于农作物和自然草地的蒸散量和生态用水量,但生态用水的差异程度小于蒸散量的差异程度;(4)以自然草地(即荒草地)为标准,农作物的蒸散量和自然草地接近,但乔灌林地的蒸散量和生态用水量均远高于自然草地,难于实现土壤水分平衡;(5)流域土地利用结构的变化(主要是强耗水植被的减少)减小了流域生态用水量,增强了流域的水分平衡能力。Abstract: Based on the data from the map of climate,soil water and land use(1982 and 2002)in Anjiagou catchment in the loess plateau,this paper studies the change of land use,the evapotranspiration,the ecological water use for the different plant species and the catchment,and its the correlation with the change of the climate and the land use. The results indicate that (1)the the structure of land use in Anjiagou catchment had significant change from 1982 to 2002. The cropland(especially the terraces)increases while the woodland decreases significantly because of the deforestation and the expansion of the waste-land;(2)The ecological water use for all the vegetation types is controlled by the climate,and had significant variability in the study period;(3)The evapotranspiration and the ecological water use for the woodland and the shrubland was higher than those for the cropland and the natural grassland;(4)The water consumption for cropland was close to that for the natural grassland,but the water consumption for the woodland and the shrubland was significantly higher than that for the natural grassland;And(5)the ecological water use in Anjiagou catchment decreased from 1982 to 2002 due to the decrease of the woodland,which had increased the water balance of the catchment.
-
Key words:
- loess plateau /
- ecological water use /
- climate /
- land use /
- vegetation restoration /
- gully catchment
-
[1] 中国工程院"21世纪中国可持续发展水资源战略研究"项目组.中国可持续发展水资源战略研究综合报告[J].中国工程科学,2000,2(8):1-17. [2] 牛志明.生态用水理论及其在水土保持生态环境建设中的现实意义[J].科技导报,2001(7):8-11. [3] 中国科学院,中国工程院.加快西北地区开发的几个关键问题[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(5):489-498. [4] 王礼先.植被生态建设与生态用水[J].水土保持研究,2000,7(3):5-7. [5] 王珊琳.生态环境需水量研究进展及其理论探析[EB/OL].http://www.swcc.org.cn/wenjian/20031.1-1.htm [6] Hutjes R W A,Kabat Running S W,et al.Biospheric aspects of the hydrological cycle[J].Journal of Hydrology,1998,212-213:1-21. [7] 丰华丽,王超,李勇.流域生态需水量的研究[J].环境科学动态,2001(1):27-37. [8] 王西琴,刘昌明,杨志峰.河道最小环境需水量确定方法及其应用研究(Ⅰ)——理论[J].环境科学学报,2001,21(5):544-547. [9] 贾宝全,许英勤.干旱区生态用水的概念和分类——以新疆为例[J].干旱区地理,1998,21(2):8-12. [10] Li L J,Zheng H X.Environmental and ecological water requirement of river system:a case study of Haihe-Luanhe river system[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2001,11 (2):224-230. [11] 王西琴,刘昌明,杨志峰.河道最小环境需水量确定方法及其应用研究(Ⅱ)——应用[J].环境科学学报,2001,21(5):548-552. [12] 严登华.东辽河流域河流系统生态需水研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(1):46-49. [13] 宋炳煜,杨颉.关于生态需水研究的讨论[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(5):617-625. [14] 张远,杨志峰.黄淮海地区林地最小生态需水量研究[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(2):72-75. [15] 杨志峰,等.生态环境需水量研究的原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.1-47. [16] 杨颉,宋炳煜,朴顺姬,等.皇甫川丘陵沟壑区小流域生态用水实验研究[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(5):513-521. [17] 李玉山.黄土高原森林植被对陆地水循环的影响研究[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(5):427-432. [18] 杨文治.黄土高原土壤水资源与植树造林[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(5):433-438. [19] 王力,邵明安.延安试区土壤干层分析[J].水土保持通报,2000,20(5):35-37. [20] 刘震.发挥生态的自我修复能力,加快水土流失防治步伐[J].中国水土保持,2001(12):3-5. [21] 毛德华,夏军,黄友波.西北地区若干基本问题的探讨[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(1):15-18. -

计量
- 文章访问数: 167
- HTML全文浏览量: 28
- PDF下载量: 582
- 被引次数: 0