Abstract: With an increasing trend of the urbanization in most domestic cities,urban water environment will be influenced greatly.This paper probes into the spatial-temporal trends of water quality of the five rivers with the watershed area above 100 km² in Shenzhen city,and explains the correlation relationship between the land use type and the water quality indicator by using the statistical analysis and the spatial analysis.The results show that the water quality of these five rivers from 1996 to 2004 is deteriorated and the land use type of these watersheds has close relationship with different water quality indicators,specially,the usage of arable land,orchard land and construction land will obviously result in the organic pollution of the instream water quality.This study indicates the water resources protection from the perspective of the land structure optimization and land use planning.