• 全国中文核心期刊
  • 中国科技核心期刊
  • 美国工程索引(EI)收录期刊

长江黄河源区覆被变化下降水的产流产沙效应研究

李元寿, 王根绪, 王一博, 王军德, 贾晓红

李元寿, 王根绪, 王一博, 王军德, 贾晓红. 长江黄河源区覆被变化下降水的产流产沙效应研究[J]. 水科学进展, 2006, 17(5): 616-623.
引用本文: 李元寿, 王根绪, 王一博, 王军德, 贾晓红. 长江黄河源区覆被变化下降水的产流产沙效应研究[J]. 水科学进展, 2006, 17(5): 616-623.
LI Yuan-shou, WANG Gen-xu, WANG Yi-bo, WANG Jun-de, JIA Xiao-hong. Impacts of land cover change on runoff and sediment yields in the headwater areas of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, China[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2006, 17(5): 616-623.
Citation: LI Yuan-shou, WANG Gen-xu, WANG Yi-bo, WANG Jun-de, JIA Xiao-hong. Impacts of land cover change on runoff and sediment yields in the headwater areas of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, China[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2006, 17(5): 616-623.

长江黄河源区覆被变化下降水的产流产沙效应研究

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(30270255,90511003);中国科学院2004年“百人计划”项目(2004006);中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室开放基金(SKLFSE200501)共同资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    李元寿(1972- ),男,甘肃民乐人,中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所博士研究生,主要从事寒旱区水资源及生态水文过程研究.E-mail:yshli@lzb.ac.cn

  • 中图分类号: P334.91

Impacts of land cover change on runoff and sediment yields in the headwater areas of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, China

Funds: The study is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30270255,90511003);and the "One Hundred Talents Program" of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2004006).
  • 摘要: 在长江和黄河源区的左冒西孔曲和纳通河、垮热洼尔玛河流域的不同植被覆盖下建立了天然径流观测场,利用观测天然降水和人工模拟降水,初步研究了江河源区不同植被覆盖下降水的产流产沙效应。结果表明,长江黄河源区的3个小流域内,在典型高寒草甸草地30°坡面上,退化较为严重的30%覆盖度以下的场地内,地表径流产出量明显大于覆盖度较好的95%、92%和68%场地,同时产沙量显著高于这3个场地,其平均单次降水形成的泥沙量是这三种盖度的2~4倍,由此造成地表侵蚀量平均为这3种盖度的3~10倍。通过对几次典型的降水形态的分析,在长江黄河源区高寒草甸草地的坡面上,不但降水量影响着产流产沙量,降水形态也影响着产流产沙量,降雨仍是引起水土流失的主要降水形态,在降水量相同的条件下,降雪可比降雨和雨加雪增加产流量2.1~3.5倍,可比降雨减少泥沙侵蚀45.4%~80.3%。人工模拟结果表明:对于覆盖度为5%和30%的强度退化草地,次降水量在3.5 mm时,就形成了较为明显的径流和产沙效应,当次降雨量达到7 mm,降雨持续时间15 min,5 m2场地内就会形成1 400 mL以上的径流量;在地表土壤含水量(FDR测0~5 cm平均含水量为36.7%)较高的情况下,次降雨量达4mm,降雨强度超过0.4 mm/min,在5 m2场地内历时5 min就能形成1 060 mL的地表径流,每100 mL径流中含泥沙高达1.6 g。这一试验结果在长江黄河源区3个不同的河源小流域是一致的。
    Abstract: The small Natong and Kuarewarma Rivers in the headwater areas of the Yellow River and the Fenhuoshan River in the headwater area of the Yangtze River,where vegetation is simple and dominated by the alpine cold meadows and the alpine grassland meadows,are selected as typical catchments to study contrastive the impacts of the alpine land cover change on the rainfal-runoff processes and the soil erosion. Based on the studies of the plots,the effects of runoff and sediment yield at the same gradient from July to August are tested in terms of three vegetation coverages of 30%,68% and over 92%.The results indicate that on the 30° slope in the alpine meadow zone and under the condition of the same precipitation,the runoff in the meadow zone that holds 30% of land cover is apparently larger than that in the meadow zone that holds 95% and 68% land cover;furthermore,the sediment yield is also larger than that of the later two,and the average sediment yield caused by one precipitation event is 2-4 times as larger as that of them.The results support the concept of vegetation as a major control upon runof and sediment production. Moreover,the simulat ive results indicate that for the moderately degraded alpine meadow land with a coverage less than 68%,the apparent ef ects of runoff and sediment yield happen when the secondary precipitation is 3.5 mm,and 1400mL runoff produce in the 5 m2 field when the precipitation reaches 7 mm and lasts 15 minutes.The sediment content,runof and its formation frequency in the seriously degraded alpine meadow land with coverage below 30% are appar ently higher than those of the alpine meadow land holding a higher land cover,on average,2-7 times as larger as that of the later than those of the alpine meadow land holding a higher land cover on the about 2-4 times as large as that of the latter. In the headwaters area of the Yangtze and the Yellow Rivers,the alpine meadow coverage,topographic gradient and precipitation characteristics(time,intensity)all influence the runof and sediment yield apparently.
  • [1] 王根绪,程国栋,沈永平,等.江河源区的生态环境变化及其综合保护研究[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,2001.1-117.
    [2] 冯永忠,杨改河,杨世琦,等.江河源区地域界定研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(1):11-14.
    [3] 胥鹏海,冯永忠,杨改河,等.江河源区水环境变化规律及其影响因素分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(3):10-14.
    [4] 沈永平,王根绪,吴青柏,等.长江黄河源区未来气候情景下的生态环境变化[J].冰川冻土,2002,24(3):308-314.
    [5] 王根绪,沈永平,钱鞠,等.高寒草地植被覆盖变化对土壤水分循环影响研究[J].冰川冻土,2003,25(6):653-659.
    [6] 张士锋,刘昌明,夏军,等.降雨径流过程驱动因子的室内模拟试验研究[J].中国科学,D辑,2004,34 (3):280-289.
    [7] 吴钦孝,赵鸿雁,汪有科.黄土高原油松林地产流产沙及其过程研究[J].生态学报,1998,18(2)150-157.
    [8] 沈晋,王文焰,沈冰.动力水文试验研究[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1991.1-5.
    [9] Eagleson P S.Dynamic Hydrology[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1970.1-462.
    [10] 杨文治,邵明安,彭新德,等.黄土高原环境旱化与黄土中的水分关系[J].中国科学,D辑,1998,28(4):357-365.
    [11] Rogers W F.A practical model for linear and nonlinear runoff[J].Journal of Hydrology,1980,46(1):51-78.
    [12] 王根绪,沈永平,刘时银.黄河源区降水与径流过程对ENSO事件的响应特征[J].冰川冻土,2001,23(1):17-21.
    [13] 丁永建,叶伯生,刘时银,等.青藏高原大尺度冻土水文监测研究[J].科学通报,2000,45(2):208-214.
    [14] 谢昌卫,丁永建,刘时银,等.长江-黄河源寒区径流时空变化特征对比[J].冰川冻土,2003,25(4):414-422.
    [15] 张增哲.流域水文学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1992.123-156.
    [16] 唐克丽,郑粉莉,张科利,等.子午岭林区土壤侵蚀与生态环境关系的研究内容和方法[A].中国科学院,水利部西北水土保持研究所集刊(第17集)[C].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1993,3-10.
    [17] 张清春,刘宝元,翟刚.植被与水土流失研究综述[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(4):96-101.
    [18] 郝芳华,陈利群,刘昌明,等.土地利用变化对产流和产沙的影响分析[J].水土保持学报,2004,16(3):5-8.
计量
  • 文章访问数:  128
  • HTML全文浏览量:  32
  • PDF下载量:  682
  • 被引次数: 0
出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2005-04-25
  • 修回日期:  2005-12-18
  • 刊出日期:  2006-09-24

目录

    /

    返回文章
    返回