Abstract: The paper discusses the protection and treatment research concept of the regional water resources and the water environment protection based on the water-based system,and establishes the definition of the symbolic target for the evolvement of acertain size water-based system which is durative,disciplinary and variable. The author sets up the water usage and drainage control relation for the regional water resources and water environment based on water resources and water environment’s holding capacity,develops the framework of learning and training for the water quantity and water quality coupled process and the adjusting effect of water price by applying the brainpower method of the BP artificial neural network,and then,explores the steps and methods to decide the symbolic target of the protection and the treatment of the regional water resources and water environment.