Application of landscape spatial structure analysis to urban river system planning
-
摘要: 作为城市重要的生态基础设施,河流与水系的功能正常发挥与否取决于其结构特征以及格局的完善程度,而水系规划对城市河流结构与水系格局的改善具有关键作用。运用景观生态学关于廊道与网络的分析方法,将河流与水系看作水景观元素中的廊道和网络,通过计算和比较水系规划前后河流廊道与水系网络的一些指标,反映河流结构和水系网络特征的变化情况,以此评价水系规划的科学性和合理性,揭示水系规划在改善城市河流廊道的空间结构和提高水系网络的连接度方面的景观生态学本质;并以太仓市水系规划为例进行了研究。结果表明,规划后全市水系网络的连结数与最大可能连结数之比(γ)和网络中实际环路数与最大可能出现环路的比值(α)指数值分别比现状提高了30%和119%,河流廊道的空间结构得到了明显改善。对四个水利片区的研究发现各区的γ和α值具有较为明显的空间差异,γ和α值表现为现状指标值越低、城市化影响越强烈的地区,规划后其值提高的幅度越大。Abstract: As an important ecological infrastructure of an urban area,whether a river system can work normally mainly depends on its structure and patterns,while the latter can be improved through the urban river system planning.By calculating and comparing the major indexes such as γ and α etc.of the spatial structure of a city's key river system before and after planning,we can find the changes of the structure and patterns of the river system,judge the rationality of the planning,and expose the essence of river system planning on improving the spatial structure of the local rivers and increasing the connectivity of the river system network.Taking Taicang's river system planning as an example,we calculate the γ and α and some other indexes of the current and planned river system.The results show that the indexes includingγandαincrease,which means that the structure and patterns of Taicang's river system are improved.The results of the four water-diversion areas show that the lower the value of the indexes of the current river system,the higher increasing range of the indexes of the planned river system,and there is remarkable spatial differece among the four areas.So once a river system plan of a city is worked out,the scale of the urban area should be considered firstly,and the next is the diversion-area scale.
-
-
[1] 赵彦伟,杨志峰.城市河流生态系统健康评价初探[J].水科学进展,2005,16(3):349-355. [2] 孙鹏,王志芳.遵从自然过程的城市河流和滨水区景观设计[J].城市规划,2000,24(9):19-22. [3] Aear D A,Mewson M D.Environmental change in river channel:a neglected element.Towards geomorphological typologies,standards and monitoring[J].The Science of Total Environment,2003,310:17-23. [4] 肖笃宁,高峻,石铁矛.景观生态学在城市规划和管理中的应用[J].地球科学进展,2001(16):813-820. [5] 蒋学玮,周正立,李凯荣,等.景观生态学原理在流域规划中的应用[J].西北林学院学报,2003,18(2):112-115. [6] 傅伯杰,陈利顶,马克明,等.景观生态学原理及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.178-179. [7] 肖笃宁,李秀珍.景观生态学的学科前沿与发展战略[J].生态学报,2003,23(8):1 615-1 621. [8] 肖笃宁,李秀珍,高俊,等.景观生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.38-41. [9] 邬建国.景观生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.30-31. [10] 刘茂松,张明娟.景观生态学——原理与方法[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.47-49. [11] 康相武,潘伯荣,周华荣.干旱区廊道景观及其研究之管见[J].干旱区研究,2000,17(3):64-70. [12] 岳隽,王仰麟,彭建.城市河流的景观生态学研究:概念框架[J].生态学报,2005,25(6):1 422-1 429. [13] Wu J,David J L.A spatially explicit hierarchical approach to modeling complex ecological systems:theory and applications[J].Ecological Modelling,2002,153:7-26.
计量
- 文章访问数: 155
- HTML全文浏览量: 27
- PDF下载量: 764
下载:
