Abstract: As water freezes into ice and ice melts into water,evident difference will come into existence in its physical parameters such as resistance,capacitance and temperature between ice,measured air above ice layer measured and water below ice layer. According to the aforementioned features and basing a new the oretical framework of measurement on ice-thickness and beneath-ice-surface water levels by distinguishing the physical characteristics of air,ice and water,the paper analyzes the laws of the resistance and capacitance of ice with conductive impurity,mixture of ice and water,water and air change as temperature changes,draws conclusions such as ice as a weak conductor,monotonic feature of ice and water,and introduces the design of the structure of a new-type of ice-thickness sensor,its measurement method,and its application in practice.