基于多GPU并行加速水动力模型的城市洪涝快速高分辨率模拟

Multi-GPU accelerated hydrodynamic model for rapid and high-resolution urban flood simulation

  • 摘要: 传统水动力模型受制于计算效率,难以满足大尺度、高精度洪涝预报预警的需求。为提升城市洪涝模拟效率,本研究构建了基于多GPU并行加速的洪涝快速水动力模型。模型包含二维地表径流模块、地表径流与地下管流交互模块、地下管流模块3个核心计算模块。针对计算成本最高的二维地表径流模块,采用Metis图分割方法实现计算区域的空间离散和并行负载均衡,基于MPI-OpenACC多GPU并行加速技术大幅提高计算效率。以广东省中顺大围区域为研究对象,采用短临降雨预报数据模拟“24·5”特大暴雨中该区域的洪涝淹没过程,验证模型计算精度和计算效率。研究结果表明:研发模型具有较高的计算精度,主要内涝点实测水深与模拟水深的决定系数达0.91;多GPU并行加速技术显著提高了水动力模型的计算效率,相较于64核心CPU,8 GPU并行计算实现了26.38倍的加速比;模型能够在10 min内以4 m空间分辨率模拟811 km2城区(5068万计算网格)未来6 h的洪涝过程。本研究验证了多GPU并行水动力模型在大尺度精细化洪涝预报预警中的应用潜力,研究成果能够为城市洪涝“四预”工作提供技术支撑。

     

    Abstract: Traditional hydrodynamic models are often constrained by low computational efficiency, making it difficult to meet the demands of large-scale, high-accuracy flood forecasting and warning. To enhance the efficiency of urban flood simulation, this study develops a high-performance hydrodynamic model based on multi-GPU parallel acceleration. The model integrates three core computational modules: a 2D surface runoff module, a surface-sewer flow interaction module, and an underground sewer flow module. To optimize the most computationally intensive 2D surface runoff module, Metis graph partitioning was employed for spatial domain decomposition and load balancing, while MPI-OpenACC technology was implemented to achieve multi-GPU parallel acceleration. The model was applied to the Zhongshundawei (Zhongshan-Shunde Embankment) area in Guangdong Province to simulate the flooding process during the "2024.05" extreme rainstorm event using nowcasting rainfall data. The results demonstrate that the developed model achieves high computational accuracy, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.91 between the measured and simulated water depths at major waterlogging points. The multi-GPU parallel acceleration technology substantially improved the model's efficiency, achieving a 26.38-fold speedup with 8 GPUs compared to a 64-core CPU setup. Notably, the model simulated a 6-hour flood process for an 811 km2 urban area (50.68 million computational meshes) at a 4-meter spatial resolution within 10 minutes. This study demonstrates the significant potential of the multi-GPU parallel hydrodynamic model for large-scale, high-resolution flood forecasting and warning, and the findings provide robust technical support for urban flood management.

     

/

返回文章
返回