《水科学进展》编辑部. 需水管理的定义与内涵[J]. 水科学进展, 2009, 20(5): 747-754.
引用本文: 《水科学进展》编辑部. 需水管理的定义与内涵[J]. 水科学进展, 2009, 20(5): 747-754.
Editorial board of Advances in Water Science. Definition and connotation of water demand management[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2009, 20(5): 747-754.
Citation: Editorial board of Advances in Water Science. Definition and connotation of water demand management[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2009, 20(5): 747-754.

需水管理的定义与内涵

Definition and connotation of water demand management

  • 摘要: 水资源是基础性的自然资源和战略性的经济资源,是生态与环境的控制性要素.中国人均占有水资源量少,不足2200m3,不足世界人均占有量的1/3.水资源时空分布极为不均,特别是在全球气候变化和大规模经济开发双重因素的交织作用下,中国水资源情势正在发生新的变化.在水资源管理理念上,要加快从供水管理向需水管理转变.为使人们对需水管理有比较全面和深刻的认识,部分专家和学者从各种角度论述了"需水管理"的定义和内涵,认为,需水管理是面向包括人类与自然在内所有用水户的水资源供需平衡的全方位而有序的管理系统工程,对各方面的需水,采取行政、经济、法律和技术等手段和措施,对水资源供需进行平衡与协调,遏制不合理用水需求,提高用水效率和效益,减少水资源短缺对人类社会的威胁,确保水资源可持续利用.简言之,需水管理意为以供定需,供需协调,人水和谐,持续利用.

     

    Abstract: Water resources are fundamental natural resources and strategic economic resources,as well as controlling element for ecological environment improvement.Water amount per capita in China is about 2 200 m3 on average,which is less than 1/3 of world average,meanwhile,the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources is quite uneven.Water resources regime in China is undergoing a new changing due to double stresses from global climate change and large-scale economic development.Therefore,the concept of water resources management needs to be changed from water supply to water demand.The definition and connotation of water demand management are discussed from different aspects for the purpose of whole profound understanding of water demand management.Water demand management is a sequential system engineering to balance water supply and demand between all water consumers including human being through adopting administrative economic measures and law,to improve water utilization efficiency through limiting irrational water requirement.Briefly,the idea of water demand management is to allocate water based on water supply rather than water requirement,the final target is to realize the harmony of human and water resources,and achieve sustainable utilization of water resources.

     

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