模拟植被覆盖条件下坡面流水动力学特性

张宽地; 王光谦; 孙晓敏; 王俊杰

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模拟植被覆盖条件下坡面流水动力学特性

张宽地, 王光谦, 孙晓敏, 王俊杰

文章导航 > 水科学进展 > 2014 > 25(6): 825-834

张宽地, 王光谦, 孙晓敏, 王俊杰. 模拟植被覆盖条件下坡面流水动力学特性[J]. 水科学进展, 2014, 25(6): 825-834.

引用本文:

张宽地, 王光谦, 孙晓敏, 王俊杰. 模拟植被覆盖条件下坡面流水动力学特性[J]. 水科学进展, 2014, 25(6): 825-834.

ZHANG Kuandi, WANG Guangqian, SUN Xiaomin, WANG Junjie. Hydraulic characteristic of overland flow under different vegetation coverage[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2014, 25(6): 825-834.

Citation:

ZHANG Kuandi, WANG Guangqian, SUN Xiaomin, WANG Junjie. Hydraulic characteristic of overland flow under different vegetation coverage[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2014, 25(6): 825-834.

模拟植被覆盖条件下坡面流水动力学特性

1.
西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 陕西杨凌 712100;
2.
中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100;
3.
清华大学水利水电工程系, 北京 100084

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(41001159);陕西省自然科学基金资助项目(2011JQ5004)

详细信息

作者简介:
张宽地(1978-), 男, 宁夏隆德人, 副教授, 博士, 硕士研究生导师, 主要从事水工水力学及坡面水流研究.E-mail:zhangkuandi428@126.com

中图分类号: S157.1

Hydraulic characteristic of overland flow under different vegetation coverage

1.
College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China;
2.
State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling 712100, China;
3.
Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

摘要: 利用人工模拟植被试验,系统研究了6个坡度和10个流量、5种覆盖度条件下坡面流水力参数水力要素关系及阻力的变化特征,以期揭示坡面植被水流阻力的内在规律性.结果表明:流态指数随植被覆盖度的增加而显著增加,相同植被覆盖度下,试验坡度对其影响并不显著.各试验工况下,水流流态主要分布在"虚拟层流区"和过渡流区,未达到紊流区.随试验坡度的增加,水流流态由缓流向急流区域延伸,而随覆盖度的增加,流态向相反方向延伸.植被覆盖条件下坡面水流阻力与雷诺数的变化规律并非呈单调增加或者单调递减的趋势,而与植被覆盖度紧密相关,当植被覆盖度较低时,阻力系数随雷诺数的增加而减小,而覆盖度较高时,阻力系数随雷诺数增加呈线性增加的趋势.
- 植被覆盖 /
- 坡面流 /
- 水力学特性
Abstract: Determining hydraulic characteristics of overland flow under the condition of vegetation coverage is a theoretical foundation of studying flow retardation and sand fixation by vegetation. By a simulated vegetation experiment, the variations of hydraulic parameters of overland flow were systematically investigated at ten flow discharges, six slope gradients and five vegetation coverage degrees so as to expect to disclose the inherent law of resistance of vegetation cover for overland flow. Results showed that under the experimental condition, the flow-state indicators increased as the vegetation cover increase; under the same vegetation cover, the slope under the experiment had no apparent influence on it, and the flow regimes mainly ranged from "virtual laminar flow" to transition states, not reaching turbulent state. The overland flow developed from subcritical flow to supercritical flow with increasing slope gradient, but extended in opposite direction with increasing vegetation coverage. Under the condition of vegetation cover, the change law of overland flow resistance and Reynolds number was not the one of monotonical increase or decrease, but was highly related to the vegetation coverage. As Reynolds number increased, the resistance coefficient decreased at low vegetation coverage and however showed a linearly increasing trend at high vegetation coverage. The study is of scientific significance in understanding the mechanisms of regulating slope runoff and sediment yields by vegetation and may provide a scientific basis for the implementation of ecological restoration projects.
- vegetation cover /
- overland flow /
- hydraulic characteristic

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[5]	杨帆, 张宽地, 杨明义, 杨婕. 植被淹没程度对坡面流水动力学特性影响 . 水科学进展, 2016, 27(6): 832-840. doi: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2016.06.005
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模拟植被覆盖条件下坡面流水动力学特性

1. 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 陕西杨凌 712100;

2. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100;

3. 清华大学水利水电工程系, 北京 100084

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(41001159);陕西省自然科学基金资助项目(2011JQ5004)

作者简介:
张宽地(1978-), 男, 宁夏隆德人, 副教授, 博士, 硕士研究生导师, 主要从事水工水力学及坡面水流研究.E-mail:zhangkuandi428@126.com

收稿日期: 2013-06-20
刊出日期: 2014-11-25

中图分类号: S157.1

关键词:

植被覆盖 /

坡面流 /

水力学特性

摘要: 利用人工模拟植被试验,系统研究了6个坡度和10个流量、5种覆盖度条件下坡面流水力参数水力要素关系及阻力的变化特征,以期揭示坡面植被水流阻力的内在规律性.结果表明:流态指数随植被覆盖度的增加而显著增加,相同植被覆盖度下,试验坡度对其影响并不显著.各试验工况下,水流流态主要分布在"虚拟层流区"和过渡流区,未达到紊流区.随试验坡度的增加,水流流态由缓流向急流区域延伸,而随覆盖度的增加,流态向相反方向延伸.植被覆盖条件下坡面水流阻力与雷诺数的变化规律并非呈单调增加或者单调递减的趋势,而与植被覆盖度紧密相关,当植被覆盖度较低时,阻力系数随雷诺数的增加而减小,而覆盖度较高时,阻力系数随雷诺数增加呈线性增加的趋势.

English Abstract

Hydraulic characteristic of overland flow under different vegetation coverage

1. College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China;

2. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling 712100, China;

3. Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received Date: 2013-06-20
Publish Date: 2014-11-25

Keywords:

Abstract: Determining hydraulic characteristics of overland flow under the condition of vegetation coverage is a theoretical foundation of studying flow retardation and sand fixation by vegetation. By a simulated vegetation experiment, the variations of hydraulic parameters of overland flow were systematically investigated at ten flow discharges, six slope gradients and five vegetation coverage degrees so as to expect to disclose the inherent law of resistance of vegetation cover for overland flow. Results showed that under the experimental condition, the flow-state indicators increased as the vegetation cover increase; under the same vegetation cover, the slope under the experiment had no apparent influence on it, and the flow regimes mainly ranged from "virtual laminar flow" to transition states, not reaching turbulent state. The overland flow developed from subcritical flow to supercritical flow with increasing slope gradient, but extended in opposite direction with increasing vegetation coverage. Under the condition of vegetation cover, the change law of overland flow resistance and Reynolds number was not the one of monotonical increase or decrease, but was highly related to the vegetation coverage. As Reynolds number increased, the resistance coefficient decreased at low vegetation coverage and however showed a linearly increasing trend at high vegetation coverage. The study is of scientific significance in understanding the mechanisms of regulating slope runoff and sediment yields by vegetation and may provide a scientific basis for the implementation of ecological restoration projects.

张宽地, 王光谦, 孙晓敏, 王俊杰. 模拟植被覆盖条件下坡面流水动力学特性[J]. 水科学进展, 2014, 25(6): 825-834.

引用本文:

张宽地, 王光谦, 孙晓敏, 王俊杰. 模拟植被覆盖条件下坡面流水动力学特性[J]. 水科学进展, 2014, 25(6): 825-834.

ZHANG Kuandi, WANG Guangqian, SUN Xiaomin, WANG Junjie. Hydraulic characteristic of overland flow under different vegetation coverage[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2014, 25(6): 825-834.

Citation:

ZHANG Kuandi, WANG Guangqian, SUN Xiaomin, WANG Junjie. Hydraulic characteristic of overland flow under different vegetation coverage[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2014, 25(6): 825-834.

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模拟植被覆盖条件下坡面流水动力学特性

作者简介: 张宽地(1978-), 男, 宁夏隆德人, 副教授, 博士, 硕士研究生导师, 主要从事水工水力学及坡面水流研究.E-mail:zhangkuandi428@126.com

Hydraulic characteristic of overland flow under different vegetation coverage

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模拟植被覆盖条件下坡面流水动力学特性

1. 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 陕西杨凌 712100; 2. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100; 3. 清华大学水利水电工程系, 北京 100084

作者简介: 张宽地(1978-), 男, 宁夏隆德人, 副教授, 博士, 硕士研究生导师, 主要从事水工水力学及坡面水流研究.E-mail:zhangkuandi428@126.com

English Abstract

Hydraulic characteristic of overland flow under different vegetation coverage

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作者简介:
张宽地(1978-), 男, 宁夏隆德人, 副教授, 博士, 硕士研究生导师, 主要从事水工水力学及坡面水流研究.E-mail:zhangkuandi428@126.com

1. 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 陕西杨凌 712100;

2. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100;

3. 清华大学水利水电工程系, 北京 100084

作者简介:
张宽地(1978-), 男, 宁夏隆德人, 副教授, 博士, 硕士研究生导师, 主要从事水工水力学及坡面水流研究.E-mail:zhangkuandi428@126.com