Variation tendency of runoff and sediment load in China major rivers and its causes
-
摘要: 通过选定中国主要河流的代表水文站,分析了中国主要河流代表站总径流量和总输沙量的变化趋势。结果表明,全国主要河流代表站总径流量随时间没有明显的趋势性增加或减小,多年平均径流量为14090亿m3;年总输沙量在1960年前变化不大,1960年后逐渐减小,从20世纪50年代的26.43亿t减小至2001～2008年间的5.95亿t;平均含沙量则从50年代的1.74kg/m3减至2001～2008年间的0.46kg/m3。中国南方主要河流和主要内陆河流的代表站径流量没有明显的增加或减少趋势,北方河流代表站径流量除淮河、松花江外,具有明显的减少趋势;中国各主要河流代表站年输沙量除塔里木河外,都有不同程度的减少,其中北方河流的减小幅度较大。影响中国主要河流水沙变化的主要因素分为自然和人类活动因素,其中自然因素包括流域降雨量变化和流域下垫面条件;人类活动因素包括水土保持措施、水库工程、流域调水调沙及引水引沙、河道采砂等。Abstract: The variation tendency of runoff and sediment load in China major rivers is studied based on the representative hydrological stations of the rivers.The results show that there is no significant change in the mean annual runoff (1.409×1012 m3/a)of those stations;and little change is detected in the annual sediment load before 1960.However,the sediment load decreases gradually from 26.43×108 t/a in the 1950s to 5.95×108 t/a in the 2000s after 1960;and the corresponding change in the average sediment concentration is from 1.74 kg/m3 to 0.46kg/m3.Regionally,the annual runoff of major southern and inner rivers in China remains almost unchanged,a significant reduction in annual runoff is however detected in many representative hydrological stations of northern rivers except for the Huaihe and Songhua rivers.Varying degrees of reduction is found in the sediment load of China major rivers except for the Tarim River,and the greater reduction occurs in northern rivers.Human activities and natural factors are mainly responsible for the detected variations in runoff and sediment load,of which natural factors include changes in precipitation amounts and land covers over the river basins,and human activities factors refer to those measures in soil and water conservation,reservoir engineering,inter-basin water transfer projects,water diversion,sand excavation,and soon.
-
Key words:
- major rivers /
- variation in runoff and sediment load /
- influence factors /
- China /
-
[1] 中华人民共和国水利部.中国河流泥沙公报:2005[R].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005.(Ministry of Water Resources.Gazette of river sediment in China:2005[R].Beijing:China WaterPower Press,2005.(in Chinese)) [2] 张胜利,李倬,赵文林,等.黄河中游河口镇至龙门区间水土保持与水沙变化[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,1998.(ZHANG Sheng-li,LI Zhuo,ZHAO Wen-lin,et al.Water and soil conservation and water and sediment changes in the Hekouzhen-Longmen area in the Middle Yellow River[M].Zhengzhou:Yellow River Press,1998.(in Chinese)) [3] 汪岗,范昭.黄河水沙变化研究:第二卷[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2002.(WANG Gang,FAN Zhao.Study on variation of runoff and sediment load in the Yellow River:VolⅡ[M].Zhengzhou:Yellow River Press,2002.(in Chinese)) [4] 王玲,李雪梅,钱云平.黄河水资源开发利用的问题与对策[C]//詹钱登.第七届海峡两岸水利科技交流研讨会论文集.台南:成功大学,2002.(WANG Ling,LI Xue-mei,QIAN Yun-ping.Problems and strategies of water resource development and utilization in the Yellow River[C]//ZHAN Qian-deng.7th Cross-Strait Seminar on Water Resources.Tainan:Cheng Kung University,2002.(in Chinese)) [5] 李义天,邓金运,孙昭华,等.河流水沙灾害及其防治[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2004.(LI Yi-tian,DENG Jin-yun,SUN Zhao-hua,et al.Water and sediment disasters of rivers and their controls[M].Wuhan:Wuhan University Press,2004.(in Chinese)) [6] 景可,李钜章,李凤新.黄河多沙粗沙区产水产沙对中游来水来沙的贡献率[J].水土保持学报,1999,5(1):13-18.(JING Ke,LI Ju-zhang,LI Feng-xin.Ratio producing runoff and sediment from more sediment and coarse sediment region occupying total runoff and sediment in the middle reaches of Yellow River[J].Journal of Soil Water Conservation,1999,5(1):13-18.(in Chinese)) [7] 黄河水利科学研究院.黄河水沙变化趋势与水利枢纽工程建设对黄河健康的影响[R].郑州:黄河水利科学研究院,2007.(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research.Water and sediment changes of the Yellow River and influence of the hydraulic projects on river health[R].Zhenzhou:Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,2007.(in Chinese)) [8] 胡春宏,王延贵.官厅水库流域水沙优化配置与综合治理措施研究:Ⅰ水库泥沙淤积与流域水沙综合治理方略[J].泥沙研究,2004(2):11-18.(HU Chun-hong,WANG Yan-gui.Study on water-sediment optimum allocation in upstream basin and comprehensive measures of sediment control in Guanting reservoir:Ⅰ:Reservoir sedimentation and general plan of water and sediment control[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2004(2):11-18.(in Chinese)) [9] 长江科学院.长江水沙变化趋势与水利枢纽工程建设对河流健康的影响[R].武汉:长江科学院,2007.(Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute.Water and sediment changes of the Changjiang River and influence of the hydraulic project on river health[R].Wuhan:Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,2007.(in Chinese)) [10] 孟庆枚.黄土高原水土保持[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,1996.(MENG Qing-mei.Water and soil conservation in the Loess Plateau[M].Zhengzhou:Yellow River Press,1996.(in Chinese)) -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 89
- HTML全文浏览量: 39
- PDF下载量: 698
- 被引次数: 0
下载:
