下荆江二元结构河岸土体特性及崩岸机理

夏军强; 宗全利; 许全喜; 邓春艳

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下荆江二元结构河岸土体特性及崩岸机理

夏军强, 宗全利, 许全喜, 邓春艳

文章导航 > 水科学进展 > 2013 > 24(6): 810-820

夏军强, 宗全利, 许全喜, 邓春艳. 下荆江二元结构河岸土体特性及崩岸机理[J]. 水科学进展, 2013, 24(6): 810-820.

引用本文:

夏军强, 宗全利, 许全喜, 邓春艳. 下荆江二元结构河岸土体特性及崩岸机理[J]. 水科学进展, 2013, 24(6): 810-820.

XIA Junqiang, ZONG Quanli, XU Quanxi, DENG Chunyan. Soil properties and erosion mechanisms of composite riverbanks in Lower Jingjiang Reach[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2013, 24(6): 810-820.

Citation:

XIA Junqiang, ZONG Quanli, XU Quanxi, DENG Chunyan. Soil properties and erosion mechanisms of composite riverbanks in Lower Jingjiang Reach[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2013, 24(6): 810-820.

下荆江二元结构河岸土体特性及崩岸机理

1.
武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430072;
2.
石河子大学水利建筑工程学院, 新疆石河子 832000;
3.
长江水利委员会水文局, 湖北武汉 430010

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51079103）；国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划）资助项目（2012CB417001）

详细信息

作者简介:
夏军强（1974-），男，浙江绍兴人，教授，博士，主要从事河流动力学研究。E-mail：xiajq@whu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TV122

Soil properties and erosion mechanisms of composite riverbanks in Lower Jingjiang Reach

1.
State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
2.
College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China;
3.
Bureau of Hydrology, Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan 430010, China

Funds: The study is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51079103) and the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2012CB417001).

摘要: 三峡水库蓄水后下荆江河段河床冲刷下切，局部河段崩岸险情频繁发生。为研究下荆江二元结构河岸的土体特性及崩岸机理，结合近期该河段崩岸情况，现场查勘了6个崩岸点，并对河岸土体进行了室内土工试验。试验结果表明下荆江河岸土体的垂向组成具有典型的二元结构特征：下部非粘性土（沙土）层较厚，上部粘性土（低液限粘土）层较薄且松散。以河岸崩塌过程分析为基础，提出了二元结构河岸发生绕轴崩塌时上部土层稳定性的计算方法。结合近岸水动力条件计算及土工试验结果，定量分析了二元结构河岸的崩塌机理及其影响因素：① 下部沙土层的起动流速比近岸流速小得多，故该土层容易受水流冲刷；②上部粘性土层崩塌前抗冲强度很大，但多为低液限粘土且相对松散，崩塌后堆积在岸边容易分解并被水流带走；③ 河岸稳定安全系数在一个水文年内呈周期性变化，落水期安全系数最小，故容易引发崩岸，该计算结果与近期崩岸实际统计结果一致。
- 二元结构河岸 /
- 土体特性 /
- 崩岸机理 /
- 河岸稳定性 /
- 下荆江 /
- 落水期
Abstract: The Lower Jingjiang Reach (LJR) is experiencing problems with continuous channel degradations, and local riverbank erosion occurs frequently. In order to investigate quantitatively the soil properties and erosion mechanisms of composite riverbanks, a field survey is conducted at 6 sections of riverbank collapses along the LJR. An indoor soil experiment is also performed, and both physical and mechanical properties of soil samples are analyzed. The analysis reveals that the vertical profile of soil compositions in the LJR can be characterized as being a typical composite structure. The lower layer is thicker with non-cohesive soils, and the upper is thinner and loose with cohesive soils. A new method for calculating the safety parameter of overhanging block in a composite riverbank is then proposed. The method uses the principle of cantilever stability with the bank stability degree being closely related to the unit weight of the overhanging block and the corresponding tensile strength. Based on the calculated near-bank hydrodynamic conditions and the experimental results from the indoor soil tests, bank stability degrees and influencing factors of a typical composite riverbank in the LJR are investigated quantitatively. The following conclusions can be drawn from the study. The incipient velocity for the non-cohesive lower layer is obviously less than the mean bank-toe velocity, which easily lead to the occurrence of severe fluvial erosions. The cohesive upper layer before failure has sufficient strength to resist from direct fluvial scour. However, the failed soil blocks deposited in the near-bank zone would be broken down and transported downstream by the near-bank fluvial entrainment due to the soil properties of loose structure and low liquid-limit clay. The safety parameter measuring the degree of the bank stability at each stage during a hydrological year varies periodically and is calculated. The lowest value at the flood recession stage is obtained, which is consistent to the recent statistics from the field surveys on bank erosions.
- composite bank /
- soil properties /
- erosion mechanisms /
- bank stability /
- Lower Jingjiang Reach /
- flood recession stage

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下荆江二元结构河岸土体特性及崩岸机理

1. 武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430072;

2. 石河子大学水利建筑工程学院, 新疆石河子 832000;

3. 长江水利委员会水文局, 湖北武汉 430010

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51079103）；国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划）资助项目（2012CB417001）

作者简介:
夏军强（1974-），男，浙江绍兴人，教授，博士，主要从事河流动力学研究。E-mail：xiajq@whu.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2012-10-08
刊出日期: 2013-11-25

中图分类号: TV122

关键词:

下荆江 /

摘要: 三峡水库蓄水后下荆江河段河床冲刷下切，局部河段崩岸险情频繁发生。为研究下荆江二元结构河岸的土体特性及崩岸机理，结合近期该河段崩岸情况，现场查勘了6个崩岸点，并对河岸土体进行了室内土工试验。试验结果表明下荆江河岸土体的垂向组成具有典型的二元结构特征：下部非粘性土（沙土）层较厚，上部粘性土（低液限粘土）层较薄且松散。以河岸崩塌过程分析为基础，提出了二元结构河岸发生绕轴崩塌时上部土层稳定性的计算方法。结合近岸水动力条件计算及土工试验结果，定量分析了二元结构河岸的崩塌机理及其影响因素：① 下部沙土层的起动流速比近岸流速小得多，故该土层容易受水流冲刷；②上部粘性土层崩塌前抗冲强度很大，但多为低液限粘土且相对松散，崩塌后堆积在岸边容易分解并被水流带走；③ 河岸稳定安全系数在一个水文年内呈周期性变化，落水期安全系数最小，故容易引发崩岸，该计算结果与近期崩岸实际统计结果一致。

English Abstract

Soil properties and erosion mechanisms of composite riverbanks in Lower Jingjiang Reach

1. State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;

2. College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China;

3. Bureau of Hydrology, Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan 430010, China

Funds: The study is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51079103) and the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2012CB417001).

Received Date: 2012-10-08
Publish Date: 2013-11-25

Keywords:

Abstract: The Lower Jingjiang Reach (LJR) is experiencing problems with continuous channel degradations, and local riverbank erosion occurs frequently. In order to investigate quantitatively the soil properties and erosion mechanisms of composite riverbanks, a field survey is conducted at 6 sections of riverbank collapses along the LJR. An indoor soil experiment is also performed, and both physical and mechanical properties of soil samples are analyzed. The analysis reveals that the vertical profile of soil compositions in the LJR can be characterized as being a typical composite structure. The lower layer is thicker with non-cohesive soils, and the upper is thinner and loose with cohesive soils. A new method for calculating the safety parameter of overhanging block in a composite riverbank is then proposed. The method uses the principle of cantilever stability with the bank stability degree being closely related to the unit weight of the overhanging block and the corresponding tensile strength. Based on the calculated near-bank hydrodynamic conditions and the experimental results from the indoor soil tests, bank stability degrees and influencing factors of a typical composite riverbank in the LJR are investigated quantitatively. The following conclusions can be drawn from the study. The incipient velocity for the non-cohesive lower layer is obviously less than the mean bank-toe velocity, which easily lead to the occurrence of severe fluvial erosions. The cohesive upper layer before failure has sufficient strength to resist from direct fluvial scour. However, the failed soil blocks deposited in the near-bank zone would be broken down and transported downstream by the near-bank fluvial entrainment due to the soil properties of loose structure and low liquid-limit clay. The safety parameter measuring the degree of the bank stability at each stage during a hydrological year varies periodically and is calculated. The lowest value at the flood recession stage is obtained, which is consistent to the recent statistics from the field surveys on bank erosions.

夏军强, 宗全利, 许全喜, 邓春艳. 下荆江二元结构河岸土体特性及崩岸机理[J]. 水科学进展, 2013, 24(6): 810-820.

引用本文:

夏军强, 宗全利, 许全喜, 邓春艳. 下荆江二元结构河岸土体特性及崩岸机理[J]. 水科学进展, 2013, 24(6): 810-820.

XIA Junqiang, ZONG Quanli, XU Quanxi, DENG Chunyan. Soil properties and erosion mechanisms of composite riverbanks in Lower Jingjiang Reach[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2013, 24(6): 810-820.

Citation:

XIA Junqiang, ZONG Quanli, XU Quanxi, DENG Chunyan. Soil properties and erosion mechanisms of composite riverbanks in Lower Jingjiang Reach[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2013, 24(6): 810-820.

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下荆江二元结构河岸土体特性及崩岸机理

作者简介: 夏军强（1974-），男，浙江绍兴人，教授，博士，主要从事河流动力学研究。E-mail：xiajq@whu.edu.cn

Soil properties and erosion mechanisms of composite riverbanks in Lower Jingjiang Reach

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下荆江二元结构河岸土体特性及崩岸机理

1. 武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430072; 2. 石河子大学水利建筑工程学院, 新疆石河子 832000; 3. 长江水利委员会水文局, 湖北武汉 430010

作者简介: 夏军强（1974-），男，浙江绍兴人，教授，博士，主要从事河流动力学研究。E-mail：xiajq@whu.edu.cn

English Abstract

Soil properties and erosion mechanisms of composite riverbanks in Lower Jingjiang Reach

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目录

作者简介:
夏军强（1974-），男，浙江绍兴人，教授，博士，主要从事河流动力学研究。E-mail：xiajq@whu.edu.cn

1. 武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430072;

2. 石河子大学水利建筑工程学院, 新疆石河子 832000;

3. 长江水利委员会水文局, 湖北武汉 430010

作者简介:
夏军强（1974-），男，浙江绍兴人，教授，博士，主要从事河流动力学研究。E-mail：xiajq@whu.edu.cn