Abstract: The article indicated that in ancient China there existed a period of water controlling lasted almost 2000 years,marking the particular process of spreading agriculture from high land to plain.This magnificient historical event discriminates between China and the other famous countries of ancient civilization in the world and gives highest vitality to Chinese people for sustainable existence over several thousand of years.The prosperity of Chinese ancient civilization,including the more or less perfect Chinese form of primitive dialectic philosophy,as an active facfor in the development of science and technology,might originate from the hisrorically important water controlling engineering.The article points our that the basic principle of the relationship between the modern and water can be found in the water controlling in ancient time,despite they are in different stages of development for human society.