黄河泥沙冲淤数学模型研究

Mathematical Model for Predicting the Fluvial Processes in the Yellow River

摘要: 应用作者提出的动床阻力、非均匀沙挟沙力、床沙交换调正及滩槽水沙交换等关系与新的不平衡输沙等初步经验关系,建立了黄河下游及水库河床变形计算一维数学模型。经1960年～1988年共28年实测水沙资料的验证计算,结果与实际基本符合。该模型的特点是可预报各种水流及河床边界条件下的动床阻力;可同时计算确定混合沙中各粒径组的推移质、悬移质挟沙力、含沙浓度垂线分布及上滩水流含沙量;能较好地反映浑水上滩淤积减沙使主槽减淤增冲的实际情况;能够基本反映泥沙多来多排及高含沙水流的冲淤特性;能综合反映出来水流量、含沙量及级配的调节变化产生的输沙冲淤差别。应用该模型计算黄河小浪底水库库区及下游河道的冲淤,成果比较合理。

Abstract: This hydrodynamic model is founded by S.Q.Wang for predicting the fluvial processes in the reservoirs and the river channel.The new formulas of flow resistance and sedimentt ransport are used in the model and the characteristics of hyperconcentration and nonuniformity of sediment are considered in the model.This model is verified by using observed data from 1960 to 1988 in the Sanmenxia Reservoir and the lower Yellow River.It is successfully applied to predict the processes of aggradation and degradation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir and the lower Yellow River for various schemes.