Abstract: According to the characteristics of the water and land resources utilization of arid plain oasis, a hydrological model based on agriculture area soil water movement is established.The water movement and exchange in deferent media and phases are investigated, and the influences of human activities such as irrigation, exploiting groundwater are also taken into consideration.The model divides the research area into five water balance modules : river module, spring-well module, reservoir-lake module, agriculture area module and non-agriculture area module, and the water exchanges between these modules are made through surface channel and groundwater movement.The model can analyze the main runoff-evaporation in an oasis such as the evaporation or evapotranspiration in agriculture area, non-agriculture area, and the groundwater transfer between agriculture area and non-agriculture area.