Abstract: Against the backdrop of global climate change and intensive human activities, dam safety is facing severe challenges such as frequent extreme weather events and lagging responses from traditional management models. New-generation information technologies centered on digital twin provide crucial support for driving the digital and intelligent transformation of dam engineering. This paper systematically reviews the research progress in intelligent dam construction oriented toward digital twin, with a focus on intelligent identification and safety feedback control methods for quality defects during construction and rehabilitation, full-life-cycle and multi-factor information perception–fusion–mining technologies for dam-reservoir systems, intelligent diagnosis models for dam failure mechanisms under extreme disasters, and a digital-twin-based disaster chain risk prevention and control system. It also summarizes the key issues and challenges in digital-twin-oriented intelligent dam research and construction. Centering on dam safety feedback control theory, information perception and fusion mining technology, intelligent diagnosis of dam-reservoir system safety behavior and failure-triggering mechanisms, and disaster chain risk control methods, this paper proposes a research pathway for digital-twin-oriented intelligent dam construction.