作物相对水分利用效率与理论节水潜力

代小平; 周雯晶; 韩宇平; 窦明; 冯吉; Svensson Jesper

doi:10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2019.05.008

作物相对水分利用效率与理论节水潜力

1.
华北水利水电大学水利学院, 河南郑州 450046;
2.
河南省节水农业重点实验室, 河南郑州 450046;
3.
黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司, 河南郑州 450003;
4.
水资源高效利用与保障工程河南省协同创新中心, 河南郑州 450046;
5.
郑州大学水利科学与工程学院, 河南郑州 450001;
6.
Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13QY

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51609082）；"948"计划资助项目（201328）

详细信息

作者简介:
代小平(1982-),男,四川泸州人,副教授,博士,主要从事农业水资源方面研究。E-mail:xiaop-dai@163.com

通讯作者:
韩宇平,E-mail:han0118@163.com

中图分类号: S27
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-01-20
- 刊出日期: 2019-10-24

Relative crop water use efficiency and theoretical agricultural water saving potential

1.
School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
2.
Henan Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
3.
Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450003, China;
4.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Guarantee Engineering, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
5.
School of Water Conservancy Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
6.
Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13QY, UK

Funds: The study is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51609082).

摘要

摘要: 作物水分利用效率是评价农业用水效率的重要指标，由于气候差异，采用作物水分利用效率评价不同区域的用水效率可能存在一定误差，尚缺乏深入研究。基于潜在水分利用效率指标和气象数据，计算了2014年中国小麦、玉米和水稻在充分灌溉条件下的潜在水分利用效率，分析了区域气候差异对作物水分利用效率的影响，提出了相对水分利用效率和理论节水潜力的概念和计算方法，并进行了实例研究。结果表明：各类作物在不同站点的潜在水分利用效率的标准差为0.49~1.01 kg/m³，多数作物潜在水分利用效率的空间差异大于实际水分利用效率的空间差异；主要作物的平均相对水分利用效率为50.7%，其理论节水潜力为884.8~4 064.5 m³/hm²；作物水分利用效率和广义节水潜力指标可能高估或低估作物的用水效率和节水潜力。研究认为在比较区域间作物的水分利用效率时不能忽略气候差异的影响；由于考虑了区域气候差异，相对水分利用效率和理论节水潜力指标更合理。
- 相对水分利用效率 /
- 理论节水潜力 /
- 粮食作物
Abstract: Water use efficiency (WUE) is an important indicator of evaluating irrigation efficiency. However,errors associated with WUE in evaluating irrigation efficiency of regions with different climate have been neglected. Based on the concept of Potential Water Use Efficiency (PWUE) and meteorological data,this study fills this gap by calculating the PWUE of wheat,maize,and rice of China in 2014 as well as evaluating the effect of climate difference on WUE. We put forward and examine concepts and calculation method of Relative Water Use Efficiency (RWUE) and Theoretical Agricultural Water Saving Potential (TAWSP).Our results show that standard deviations of PWUE of main grain crops are between 0.49 and 1.01 kg/m³,and the spatial variance of PWUE of most crops was larger than their actual WUE. The average RWUE of main crops is 50.7% and their TAWSP are between 884.8 and 4 064.5 m³/hm². More importantly,the index of WUE and traditional agricultural water saving potential may overestimate or underestimate the water use efficiency and water saving potential of crops. In addition,we find that the impact of climate difference should not be neglected in comparing WUE in different regions. The indexes of RWUE and TAWSP are more reasonable as they can take into account the regional climate difference.
- relative water use efficiency /
- theoretical agricultural water saving potential /
- grain crops

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