Abstract: The contents of total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved phosphorus (DTP) in soil sections of Wuxidang Riparian zone (a typical agricultural riparian zone of Taihu Area), rainfall, river water level and groundwater level were monitored and spatial distributions of TP and DTP and the influences of hydrological processes on it at high flow year (2014) were discussed. Experimental results indicated:① Soil TP and DTP firstly increased and then decreased from far-shore to near-shore in the horizontal direction and soil TP and DTP decreased with the increase of the soil depth in the vertical direction. ② River water levels in different months were all lower than the groundwater levels and river water recharged ground water. The temporal charge rules of river water level and groundwater level were similar to that of rainfall, but with rear stagnation. ③ Rainfall is the main driving force of soil water movement. Rainfall, river level and groundwater level had significantly different influences on the spatial distribution of phosphorus in the soil of riparian zone.