Abstract: Based on the basic sediment transport equation that reflects the characteristics of "more input, more output" for sediment-laden flow rivers, a general sediment transport expression was developed, which can take into account the effects of upstream sediment input, previous cumulative sediment deposition, critical water volume for sediment initiation, and sediment sizes of mainstem and tributary. Then annual sediment load equations for the whole Inner Mongolia reach from Bayangaole to Toudaoguai and for the sub-reaches from Bayangaole to Sanhuhekou and from Sanhuhekou to Toudaoguai were obtained based on measured data for the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River from 1953 to 2010. And then annual deposition volumes at each river reach were calculated using the proposed equations for years from 1953 to 2010 according to the principle of sediment conservation. Analysis of results for the selected river reach from Sanhuhekou to Toudaoguai shown that the determination coefficient R² between measured and calculated annual amount of erosion and sedimentation was raised from 0.41 for using the basic transport equation to 0.50, 0.75 and 0.80, respectively, by successively adding the parameters of upstream sediment input, previous cumulative sediment deposition, critical water volume for sediment initiation, and sediment sizes of mainstem and tributary. This indicated the necessity of including these parameters at top of the basic transport equation. In addition, annual deposition and cumulative deposition volumes calculated using the proposed sediment transport load equations for the whole reach and the sun-reaches were in good agreement with measurements. This indicated that the proposed methods can be used for calculation of annual sediment load and deposition volume under different flow and sediment load conditions and for analysis of sediment transport and long-term trend of sediment deposition in the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River.