植被分布对小流域产流影响的数值实验

李妍敏; 安翼; 刘青泉

doi:10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2015.02.005

植被分布对小流域产流影响的数值实验

中国科学院力学研究所流固耦合重点实验室, 北京 100190

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(11202216;11432015)

详细信息

作者简介:
李妍敏(1986—),女,陕西合阳人,博士研究生,主要从事流域水文模型方面研究。E-mail:liyanmin@imech.ac.cn

通讯作者:
刘青泉,E-mail:qqliu@imech.ac.cn

中图分类号: P333.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-08-04
- 刊出日期: 2015-03-24

Effects of the distribution of vegetation on small catchment runoff during rainstorm events

Key Laboratory for Mechanics in Fluid Solid Coupling Systems, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

摘要

摘要: 基于二维运动波模型,建立了一个适用于小流域场次降雨产汇流过程的动力学模型。通过对典型小流域内不同区域(坡顶、坡中及坡底区域及距离流域出口的远近)种植植被时产流过程的数值模拟,分析了小流域内植被分布对产流过程的影响。结果表明:植被分布及其特性对小流域场次降雨产流有较明显的影响;下游区域种植植被的减水效果和延滞洪峰作用优于上游区域,陡坡区域减水效果优于缓坡区域,且郁闭度越大,这种差别越明显;在该研究条件下,下游区的减水效果可达到上游区的3倍;30%郁闭度条件下减水效果可达10%和20%郁闭度条件下的3倍和1.4倍。
- 小流域 /
- 降雨产流 /
- 动力学模型 /
- 植被分布 /
- 郁闭度 /
- 减水效果
Abstract: The distribution of vegetation in small catchments is an essential factor determining the generation of runoff during rainstorm events. Using a novel two-dimensional dynamic runoff model, we studied the influence of the distribution of vegetation on rainstorm runoff. First, a kinematic hydrological model of rainstorm events in small watersheds was developed based on a two-dimensional overland flow model. It included canopy interception, surface infiltration, overland flow, and gully flow processes. Data from three rainstorm events in the Heicaohe catchment were then used to verify the model, and good agreement was found. Last, the model was used to examine how the distribution of vegetation and the canopy density affected the runoff process. Model results showed that: First, the vegetation significantly reduces flood discharge and postpones the flood peak, depending on the location and crown density of the vegetation. Second, the efficiency of runoff reduction is substantially higher in downstream and steeply sloped areas (vs. upstream and gently sloping areas), and the degree of crown closure enhances this effect. In fact, in this study, the efficiency of runoff reduction was three times higher in downstream compared with upstream areas, and 30% crown closure resulted in 1.4 times higher efficiency than 20% closure and three times higher than 10% closure.
- small catchment /
- runoff /
- kinematic model /
- vegetation distribution /
- crown closure /
- runoff reduction efficiency

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