Review of antarctic landfast sea ice observations

Variations of Antarctic landfast sea ice are not only a direct indicator of Antarctic climate change at a local scale, but also an ideal parameter for climate model evaluation. Additionally, observational analysis of Antarctic landfast sea ice is useful for the assessment of inter-annual variability of the Antarctic sea ice. There have been increasing international efforts on the observation and research of the Antarctic landfast sea ice for the past few decades, which lead to a coordinated Antarctic landfast sea ice observation network. This paper provides a review of advances in the Antarctic landfast sea ice observations from the following perspectives, in-situ measurements of mass balance, ice core structure, surface radiation budget, the digital photography, and satellite remote sensing. Inter-annual variability of the Antarctic landfast sea ice on the different spatial scales is summarized. Also, the existing issues and the future research directions of the Antarctic landfast sea ice observation are discussed.