Abstract: The food yield per unit water is an important index,which indicate the efficiency of the irrigation water use and status of food production.Based on the calculation of food yield per unit water in every provinces,analysis of the regional conditions and actuality of water resources development and utilization,it is shown that the potential of food produce rely mainly on increasing food yield per area and improving irrigation water use,and the irrigation area can be moderately developed in the areas with abundant water resources and land resources.