Abstract: To promote the multi-objective coordination of the three subsystems of water and sediment discharge, ecological and environmental, and social and economy in the Yellow River basin, an overall multi-objective collaborative framework of water and sediment regulation for the Yellow River was proposed. The model was constructed based on the overall coupling coordination degree of the system to achieve a flexible selection of objective functions and constraints, as well as an adaptive adjustment of weight coefficients under different water and sediment conditions and various combinations of engineering. Taking the Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi reservoirs in the middle reaches of the Yellow River as a case study, the optimal water and sediment regulation of high-flow, normal-flow, and low-flow years was carried out. The results reveal that there is a strong competitive relationship between sediment discharge and power generation targets and a weak competitive relationship between ecological and power generation targets. The schemes with the highest coupling coordination degree of the whole system can achieve high-quality coordination of each target and tend to exert greater power generation benefits. The application results of the model can inspire managers to appropriately increase power generation in actual scheduling and pay attention to increasing the ecological water supply in low-flow years. This research can provide scientific and technological support for the practice of multi-objective optimal water and sediment regulation in the Yellow River.