Abstract: As an essential part of riverine, lacustrine, and coastal wetland ecosystems, aquatic vegetation (AV) provides important ecosystem services, and many of the ecosystem services arise as AV has the ability to alter local hydrodynamic conditions. Studies on vegetated flow are helpful not only for scientifically illustrating the environmental and ecological effects of AV but also for guiding the practice of ecological restoration and pollution regulation in rivers and lakes. Considering two kinds of hydrodynamic environments (i.e., unidirectional open-channel flow and waves), this paper summarizes the main findings on the influence of AV on flow structures and sediment movement domestically and abroad. Under unidirectional open-channel flow conditions, research on the influence of AV on hydrodynamics has mainly focused on the flow resistance caused by AV and the turbulent flow structures and scales within canopy. Related studies on waves have mainly focused on the effect of AV on wave damping and the mean and turbulent flow structures. Dominated by hydrodynamic conditions, sediment movement under the influence of AV has recently received a lot of attention on the incipient sediment motion and bed load transportation under unidirectional flow conditions and sediment resuspension under waves.