周祖昊, 刘扬李, 李玉庆, 王鹏翔, 王康, 李佳, 朱熠明, 刘佳嘉, 王富强. 基于水热耦合的青藏高原分布式水文模型--Ⅰ.“积雪-土壤-砂砾石层”连续体水热耦合模拟[J]. 水科学进展, 2021, 32(1): 20-32. DOI: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2021.01.003
引用本文: 周祖昊, 刘扬李, 李玉庆, 王鹏翔, 王康, 李佳, 朱熠明, 刘佳嘉, 王富强. 基于水热耦合的青藏高原分布式水文模型--Ⅰ.“积雪-土壤-砂砾石层”连续体水热耦合模拟[J]. 水科学进展, 2021, 32(1): 20-32. DOI: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2021.01.003
ZHOU Zuhao, LIU Yangli, LI Yuqing, WANG Pengxiang, WANG Kang, LI Jia, ZHU Yiming, LIU Jiajia, WANG Fuqiang. Distributed hydrological model of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau based on the hydrothermal coupling: Ⅰ: hydrothermal coupling simulation of "snow-soil-sand gravel layer" continuum[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2021, 32(1): 20-32. DOI: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2021.01.003
Citation: ZHOU Zuhao, LIU Yangli, LI Yuqing, WANG Pengxiang, WANG Kang, LI Jia, ZHU Yiming, LIU Jiajia, WANG Fuqiang. Distributed hydrological model of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau based on the hydrothermal coupling: Ⅰ: hydrothermal coupling simulation of "snow-soil-sand gravel layer" continuum[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2021, 32(1): 20-32. DOI: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2021.01.003

基于水热耦合的青藏高原分布式水文模型--Ⅰ.“积雪-土壤-砂砾石层”连续体水热耦合模拟

Distributed hydrological model of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau based on the hydrothermal coupling: Ⅰ: hydrothermal coupling simulation of "snow-soil-sand gravel layer" continuum

  • 摘要: 青藏高原号称"亚洲水塔",是典型的高寒山区,其广泛存在的积雪、多年和季节冻土,影响了整个区域的水循环过程;青藏高原具有土层较薄、下伏砂砾石层较厚的特点,形成了特殊的"积雪-土壤-砂砾石层"水热介质结构。为深入研究青藏高原的水循环机理,本文选取尼洋河流域作为典型区,基于野外冻土水热耦合试验,结合青藏高原地质及气候特点,构建了包含12层"积雪-土壤-砂砾石层"连续体的青藏高原水热耦合模型,描述了完整的水热耦合模拟方程和参数计算方法。采用2016-2017年冻结融化期0~160 cm深度内的土壤和砂砾石层的温度、液态含水率和冻结深度的实测结果对模型进行了验证,各层温度模拟R2均值为0.91,冻结融化期内液态含水率模拟R2均值为0.52,土壤冻结深度模拟R2值为0.76。结果表明该模型在青藏高原地区有较好的适用性,可反映该地区冻结融化过程中土壤和砂砾石层水分与温度的特殊变化规律。

     

    Abstract: The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, known as the "Asian Water Tower", is a typical alpine mountain area. Snow-covered permafrost and seasonally frozen soil widely exist on this plateau, profoundly affecting the water cycle process of the entire region. In addition, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has the characteristics of a thinner soil layer and a thicker underlying sand and gravel layer, forming a special "snow-soil-sand gravel layer" hydrothermal medium structure. To further study the water cycle mechanism of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this study selected the Niyang River basin as a typical area to perform field-heat-coupling experiments in the field. Combined with the geological and climatic characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, a 12-layer "snow-soil-sand gravel layer" continuum was constructed to describe the hydro-thermal coupling model of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A complete hydro-thermal coupling simulation equation and parameter calculation method are described. The model was validated using the measured results of the temperature, liquid water content, and freezing depth of the soil and gravel layer in the freezing and thawing period of 0-160 cm from 2016 to 2017. The mean values of the simulated R2 of the temperature of each layer and the moisture content during freezing and thawing were 0.91 and 0.52, respectively. The R2 of the soil freezing depth is 0.76. The results show that the model can better reflect the hydrothermal variation of stratified soil and sand gravel during freezing and thawing processes. The results show that the model has adequate applicability in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and can reflect the special change process of moisture and temperature of the soil and gravel layer during the freezing and melting processes in this area.

     

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