丁永建, 张世强, 吴锦奎, 赵求东, 李向应, 秦甲. 中国冰冻圈水文过程变化研究新进展[J]. 水科学进展, 2020, 31(5): 690-702. DOI: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2020.05.006
引用本文: 丁永建, 张世强, 吴锦奎, 赵求东, 李向应, 秦甲. 中国冰冻圈水文过程变化研究新进展[J]. 水科学进展, 2020, 31(5): 690-702. DOI: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2020.05.006
DING Yongjian, ZHANG Shiqiang, WU Jinkui, ZHAO Qiudong, LI Xiangying, QIN Jia. Recent progress on studies on cryospheric hydrological processes changes in China[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2020, 31(5): 690-702. DOI: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2020.05.006
Citation: DING Yongjian, ZHANG Shiqiang, WU Jinkui, ZHAO Qiudong, LI Xiangying, QIN Jia. Recent progress on studies on cryospheric hydrological processes changes in China[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2020, 31(5): 690-702. DOI: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2020.05.006

中国冰冻圈水文过程变化研究新进展

Recent progress on studies on cryospheric hydrological processes changes in China

  • 摘要: 冰冻圈显著的变化已经对冰冻圈水文过程产生了一系列影响。本文重点梳理和分析了近20年,尤其是近10年以冰川融水、融雪径流、冻土水文等为主体的中国冰冻圈水文过程变化研究方面取得的新进展:①在冰川融水变化研究方面,对不同尺度的冰川融水开展了全面研究,发现冰川融水呈现全面增加之势;对冰川融水"拐点"是否出现进行了科学辨识,有了基本认识;对冰川融水过程进行了模型模拟,取得显著进展。②在融雪径流变化研究方面,通过对不同流域融雪径流估算,可基本掌握各河流的融雪贡献率;中国融雪径流变化差异较大,增减不一;融雪期变化具有普遍性,突出特点是峰值提前。③在冻土水文研究方面,通过对地表水-活动层壤中流-多年冻土层上水之间关系的研究,揭示了冻土区径流形成的重力和热力耦合机制;多年冻土变化对地表径流的影响已经显现,主要表现在冬季(枯水季)径流增加;已经发现多年冻土退化对径流有直接补给作用,在一些流域补给量可能达到一定量级。

     

    Abstract: The significant changes in the cryosphere have produced a series of effects on the cryospheric hydrological processes. This paper comprehensively reviews the recent 20 years, especially the new progress in the research on the changes in cryospheric hydrological processes in China, which mainly include glacial meltwater, snowmelt runoff, and frozen ground hydrology. The main progresses in the study on changes in glacial meltwater manifest as:a comprehensive study on glacial meltwater at different scales was carried out, it was found that the glacial meltwater showed continuously increase, and whether the "peak point" of the glacial meltwater have appeared has scientifically identified and some basic understandings has obtained, and the modelling on glacial meltwater process had made significant progress. In the study on snowmelt runoff changes, the snowmelt runoff contribution rate to river runoff in various basins were basically grasped by estimating the snowmelt runoff and found that the snowmelt runoff changes in China vary greatly, and it increased in some basins while decreased in some basins. The changes in the start melting period in China are universal with other basins in the world, and the prominent feature is the advance of the peak value. In the study of frozen ground hydrology, the studies on the relationship between surface water, interflow in active layer soil, supra-permafrost water revealed the coupling mechanism of gravity and thermodynamics in the formation of runoff in permafrost regions. The impacts of permafrost change on surface runoff has already appeared, which mainly appears as increase in the winter (dry season) runoff. It also found that the permafrost degradation has a direct replenishment effect on river runoff, and the amount of recharge may have reached a certain level in some basins.

     

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