谢云, 张汝正, 殷水清, 田丹丹, 高歌. 1961—2010年全球变暖背景下中国空气湿度长期变化特征[J]. 水科学进展, 2020, 31(5): 674-684. DOI: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2020.05.004
引用本文: 谢云, 张汝正, 殷水清, 田丹丹, 高歌. 1961—2010年全球变暖背景下中国空气湿度长期变化特征[J]. 水科学进展, 2020, 31(5): 674-684. DOI: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2020.05.004
XIE Yun, ZHANG Ruzheng, YIN Shuiqing, TIAN Dandan, GAO Ge. Long-term trend of air humidity over China in the context of global warming during 1961—2010[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2020, 31(5): 674-684. DOI: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2020.05.004
Citation: XIE Yun, ZHANG Ruzheng, YIN Shuiqing, TIAN Dandan, GAO Ge. Long-term trend of air humidity over China in the context of global warming during 1961—2010[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2020, 31(5): 674-684. DOI: 10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2020.05.004

1961—2010年全球变暖背景下中国空气湿度长期变化特征

Long-term trend of air humidity over China in the context of global warming during 1961—2010

  • 摘要: 空气湿度是重要的气象要素,与气温和降水密切相关,其长期变化特征是气候系统变化的重要表征。2003年前后全国自动站与人工站的更替使得相对湿度资料存在不能满足均一性的要求,亟需加强空气湿度变化特征方面研究。利用1961—2010年中国824个气象站订正后均一性较好的逐日气温、降水量和相对湿度数据,剔除缺测多的站点,采用线性回归分析、Mann-Kendall趋势检验和偏相关分析方法,综合分析中国水汽压和相对湿度的长期变化特征及其与气温和降水量的相关特征。结果表明:①全国各地年均水汽压呈增大趋势的站点占全部站点的90.3%;除春夏两季的黄土高原至云贵高原一带和长江下游地区、秋季的华南地区有所减小外,各季节全国水汽压普遍呈增大趋势。②全国年均相对湿度呈减小趋势的站点占64.1%;除河北北部至辽宁北部、陕西南部至黄淮地区、江南北部、青藏高原和四川西部地区以及西北大部呈增大趋势外,其余地区普遍减小;季节差异明显,春、夏和秋季,中东部大部分地区相对湿度以减小趋势为主;冬季除东北地区和云南减小外,其余大部分地区相对湿度增大。③全国各地水汽压与气温、降水量普遍以正相关为主,与气温的相关性强于与降水量的相关性;相对湿度与气温普遍呈显著的负相关,与降水量普遍以正相关为主。

     

    Abstract: Air humidity is one of the most important meteorological elements, which is closely related to the temperature and precipitation. Long-term trend of air humidity reflects the change of climate system. According to the third national report on climate change of China, relative humidity over China has demonstrated a sharp decrease around the year 2003, probably due to the substitution of manual stations with automatic stations around the same year. Further research that involves using more data on homogenous relative humidity is required. This study includes daily temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity data corrected by the Meteorological Information Center of China Meteorological Administration and showing good homogeneity at 824 meteorological stations over China during the period from 1961 to 2010. Linear regression analysis, Mann-Kendall trend test and partial correlation analysis methods were used to detect long-term trends of the vapour pressure and relative humidity over China and the impact of temperature and precipitation changes on the trends. The results indicated the following: ① Annual average vapour pressure nationwide is increasing generally, with 90.3% of the stations showing increasing trends. In terms of seasons, vapour pressure mainly exhibits an increasing trend in different seasons across the country, with exception of a decreasing trend in the Loess Plateau and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau areas and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin in spring and summer and in South China in autumn. ② Annual average relative humidity nationwide is generally decreasing, with 64.1% of the stations showing decreasing trends. Stations with increasing trends are mainly distributed as follows:from northern Hebei to northern Liaoning, from southern Shaanxi to Huang Huai, western Sichuan, and most areas of the Northwestern District of China. In terms of seasons, in spring, summer and autumn, the relative humidity in most areas of central and eastern China decreases on the whole, whereas, in winter, most areas show increasing trends except Northeast China and Yunnan which show decreasing trends. ③ The annual average vapour pressure nationwide is mainly positively correlated with the temperature and precipitation, where the positive correlation with the temperature is stronger than that with the precipitation. The annual mean relative humidity is generally negatively correlated with the temperature whereas it is mainly positively correlated with the precipitation.

     

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