Abstract: In order to meet the significant demands of enhancing our interdisciplinary research ability and protecting the national interests in the field of global change and response, this research is to focus on the evolution of atmosphere-land surface-hydrological processes in the context of global change, and to integrate the new disciplinary theory and technological progress in meteorology, climatology, hydrology, water resources, and system engineering. According to the technological scheme of mechanism recognition-law understanding-situation diagnosis, researchers will publish the global terrestrial gridded data of generalized water resources and water cycle flux of spatial resolution, streamflow and flood events of river channels from 1st order through fourth order in the past sixty years, by taking long series of highly-dense prototype observation, multi-scale mechanism experiment, numerical simulation with physical mechanisms and geographical information technology as a key support, and making full use of the functions and advantages of cloud-platform storage, computing and management. The outcomes of this research project would provide an important foundation for China's participating in global climate negotiation and international climate governance, and implementing national strategies, such as ‘the Belt and Road Initiative’, so as to produce a remarkable socioeconomic benefits.