陈仁升, 康尔泗, 丁永建. 中国高寒区水文学中的一些认识和参数[J]. 水科学进展, 2014, 25(3): 307-317.
引用本文: 陈仁升, 康尔泗, 丁永建. 中国高寒区水文学中的一些认识和参数[J]. 水科学进展, 2014, 25(3): 307-317.
CHEN Rensheng, KANG Ersi, DING Yongjian. Some knowledge on and parameters of China's alpine hydrology[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2014, 25(3): 307-317.
Citation: CHEN Rensheng, KANG Ersi, DING Yongjian. Some knowledge on and parameters of China's alpine hydrology[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2014, 25(3): 307-317.

中国高寒区水文学中的一些认识和参数

Some knowledge on and parameters of China's alpine hydrology

  • 摘要: 针对中国高寒区水文数据和参数缺乏、机理不清的现状,应用祁连山葫芦沟寒区水文小流域观测数据及相关研究成果,率定并获取了高寒区水文模拟中的几个关键参数:① 降水观测误差校正系数及公式;② 固液态降水分离的临界气温;③ 高寒灌丛降水截留参数;④ 土壤完全冻结温度;⑤ 积雪消融的临界气温。认识到若全球变暖引起植被带上移,则山区流域蒸散/降水比例增大、径流系数必然减小;现有降水数据难以满足高寒区水文模拟的需要,降水截留模拟有待改进,冰川、积雪消融缺乏高精度简单估算方法;长时间水文模拟中必须考虑风吹雪、冻土类型演替及冻结深度变化,以及冰川运动和体积变化;需加强冻结层下水、积雪升华和冰川汇流观测试验研究。

     

    Abstract: Based on field data from the Hulu Watershed in the Qilian Mountains of China, five types of experiential parameters of alpine hydrology are calibrated: ① wind-induced factors of gauge-measured precipitation; ② threshold air temperature (day and half-hourly) for classifying snowfall, rainfall and mixed snow and rainfall; ③ relevant parameters for alpine shrub interception; ④ threshold temperature of completely frozen soil and ⑤ critical air temperature (daily and half-hourly) for snow melting. If the vegetation zone moves upward due to global warming, then the ratio of evapotranspiration/precipitation will increase while the runoff coefficient should decrease in the alpine watersheds of China. Current precipitation data does not match accurate simulations of alpine hydrology in China, and the interception model should be improved and simple methods developed to describe glacier and snow melting. Long-term hydrological simulations should consider snow drifting, permafrost evolvement and glacier flow. Further research on subpermafrost water, snow sublimation and glacier flow concentration in the alpine regions of China is urgently needed.

     

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