Abstract: The history of China's hydrological forecasting and technique progresses are reviewed in this paper,which involves the use of empirical correlations,catchment hydrological modeling,and the development of hydrological forecasting systems.The commonly used methods and models for hydrological forecasting are discussed in detail together with the conditions for applications.The current skill of China's hydrological forecasting techniques is assessed objectively.In-depth analysis of the impacts of intense human-induced land-surface changes and global warming on the catchment runoff generation and flow concentrating is provided.Emerging issues and challenges in hydrological forecasting under a changing environment is also analyzed.Finally,the future direction of China's hydrological forecasting development is prospected together with research focuses on the subject.