Laboratory study of problems in ice mechanics encountered in the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

Problems in ice mechanics encountered in the Middle Route of South North Water Transfer Project are studied throughice expermients conducted in a low temperature laboratory.The expermients mainly concentrate on the expansive force of the ice,the stability of the ice cover,and the ice force on piers.As the result,a force tmie curve for the change in the expansive force of the ice is obtained,and so does for the change in extremes of the ice expansive force withice thicknesses.The change in ice collapse maxmia is observed for different ice thicknesses as well as for the force time curve for theice force on piers.The change in extremes of the ice force with ice speeds is also meas ured.Our results would contribute to the safe operation of the Middle Route of the South to North Water Tansfer Project in winters.