Viscous-elastic-plastic constitutive model for sea ice dynamics in the Bohai Sea

The viscous plastic constitutive model for sea ice dynamics has been widely applied in sea ice numerical simulations of the polar regions and their marginal ice zones.This model,however,can't be used to simulate the ice rafting and ridging processes that occur over small temporal and spatial scales.This preBents a problem in the Bohai Sea where due to the dynamic conditions that exist,these processes are significant factors.To remedy this situation,the Kelvin-Voigt viscous elastic constitutive equation was introduced into the sea ice dynamics,and a viscous-elastic-plastic constitutive model was developed based on the viscous plastic model.In the numerical sea ice simulation,both the viscous elastic behavior under small strains and strain rates,and the viscous plastic behavior under high strains and strain rates can be properly modeled.The sea ice dynamic process of Liaodong Bay was simulated for 48 hours,and the results indicate that the viscous-elastic-plastic model is more accurate.